Molecular Recognition in Water Using Macrocyclic Synthetic Receptors,Chemical Reviews

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Molecular Recognition in Water Using Macrocyclic Synthetic Receptors
Chemical Reviews ( IF 51.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00522
Luis Escobar _{1,

2} , Pablo Ballester _{1,

3}

Affiliation

Molecular recognition in water using macrocyclic synthetic receptors constitutes a vibrant and timely research area of supramolecular chemistry. Pioneering examples on the topic date back to the 1980s. The investigated model systems and the results derived from them are key for furthering our understanding of the remarkable properties exhibited by proteins: high binding affinity, superior binding selectivity, and extreme catalytic performance. Dissecting the different effects contributing to the proteins’ properties is severely limited owing to its complex nature. Molecular recognition in water is also involved in other appreciated areas such as self-assembly, drug discovery, and supramolecular catalysis. The development of all these research areas entails a deep understanding of the molecular recognition events occurring in aqueous media. In this review, we cover the past three decades of molecular recognition studies of neutral and charged, polar and nonpolar organic substrates and ions using selected artificial receptors soluble in water. We briefly discuss the intermolecular forces involved in the reversible binding of the substrates, as well as the hydrophobic and Hofmeister effects operating in aqueous solution. We examine, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the design and development of effective water-soluble synthetic receptors based on cyclic, oligo-cyclic, and concave-shaped architectures. We also include selected examples of self-assembled water-soluble synthetic receptors. The catalytic performance of some of the presented receptors is also described. The latter process also deals with molecular recognition and energetic stabilization, but instead of binding ground-state species, the targets become elusive counterparts: transition states and other high-energy intermediates.

中文翻译：

使用大环合成受体在水中进行分子识别

使用大环合成受体在水中进行分子识别构成了超分子化学的一个充满活力和及时的研究领域。关于该主题的开创性例子可以追溯到 1980 年代。研究的模型系统及其衍生的结果是进一步了解蛋白质所表现出的显着特性的关键：高结合亲和力、卓越的结合选择性和极端的催化性能。由于其复杂的性质，剖析对蛋白质特性有贡献的不同影响受到严重限制。水中的分子识别还涉及其他领域，如自组装、药物发现和超分子催化。所有这些研究领域的发展都需要深入了解水介质中发生的分子识别事件。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了过去三十年来使用选定的水溶性人工受体对中性和带电、极性和非极性有机底物和离子进行的分子识别研究。我们简要讨论了参与底物可逆结合的分子间力，以及在水溶液中起作用的疏水性和霍夫迈斯特效应。我们从跨学科的角度研究了基于环状、低聚环状和凹形结构的有效水溶性合成受体的设计和开发。我们还包括自组装水溶性合成受体的选定例子。还描述了一些呈现的受体的催化性能。后一个过程还涉及分子识别和能量稳定，

更新日期：2021-02-24

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