直觉和洞察力可以部署在同一个连续体上。直觉是在信息之间建立联系的无意识能力;洞察力是突然理解和解决情况的过程(即 euréka)。在本研究中,真实和虚拟环境被用来触发直觉和洞察力。该研究假设沉浸在真实的准备好的环境中将促进直觉和洞察力在虚拟环境中的出现。49 名健康参与者被随机分配到两组:“已准备好”和“未准备好”。“准备好”的参与者沉浸在具有嗅觉和视觉线索的真实环境中;“未准备好”的参与者没有收到任何提示。所有参与者都暴露在 3D 自然主义虚拟环境中,该环境通过头戴式显示器 (HMD) 代表巴黎的一个地区。虚拟场景中呈现的位置(即咖啡馆位置)与嗅觉和视觉素数(即咖啡馆)相关,并且基于真实和虚拟环境之间的连续性。一旦沉浸在虚拟环境中,所有参与者都被指示使用他们的直觉来设想记录皮肤电导反应 (SCR) 和口头声明的选定位置。当考虑虚拟环境中的启动 (a) 和沉浸 (b) 阶段时,“准备好的”参与者在沉浸阶段比虚拟环境中的启动阶段具有更高的 SCR。他们在虚拟沉浸的第一部分表现出比“未准备好”的参与者更高的 SRC。在现象学访谈中,“准备好的”参与者报告的正确直觉答案的数量比“非准备好的”参与者多。此外,“具有”洞察力的“启动”参与者在真实环境沉浸过程中比“没有”洞察力的“启动”参与者具有更高的 SCR。研究结果与以下观点一致,即各种任务中的直觉决策是基于预先存在的知识的激活,这些知识是无意识地检索的,但仍然可以引起连贯性的直觉印象并可以产生洞察力。“具有”洞察力的“启动”参与者在真实环境沉浸过程中比“没有”洞察力的“启动”参与者具有更高的 SCR。研究结果与以下观点一致,即各种任务中的直觉决策是基于预先存在的知识的激活,这些知识是无意识地检索的,但仍然可以引起连贯性的直觉印象并可以产生洞察力。“具有”洞察力的“启动”参与者在真实环境沉浸过程中比“没有”洞察力的“启动”参与者具有更高的 SCR。研究结果与以下观点一致,即各种任务中的直觉决策是基于预先存在的知识的激活,这些知识是无意识地检索的,但仍然可以引起连贯性的直觉印象并可以产生洞察力。
"点击查看英文标题和摘要"
Continuity in intuition and insight: from real to naturalistic virtual environment
Intuition and insight can be deployed on the same continuum. Intuition is the unconscious ability to create links between information; insight is a process by which a sudden comprehension and resolution of a situation arises (i.e. euréka). In the present study, real and virtual environments were used to trigger intuition and insight. The study hypothesised that immersion in real primed environments would facilitate the emergence of intuition and insight in a virtual environment. Forty nine healthy participants were randomly assigned to two groups: “primed” and “non primed.” “Primed” participants were immersed in a real environment with olfactory and visual cues; “non primed” participants did not receive any cues. All participants were exposed to a 3D naturalistic virtual environment which represented a district in Paris via a Head Mounted Display (HMD). Locations presented in the virtual scene (i.e. café places) were related to both olfactory and visual primes (i.e. café) and were based on the continuity between real and virtual environments. Once immersed in the virtual environment, all participants were instructed to use their intuition to envision the selected locations during which Skin Conductance Responses (SCRs) and verbal declarations were recorded. When initiation (a) and immersion (b) phases in the virtual environment were considered, “primed” participants had higher SCRs during the immersion phase than the initiation phase in the virtual environment. They showed higher SRCs during the first part of the virtual immersion than “non primed” participants. During the phenomenological interview, “primed” participants reported a higher number of correct intuitive answers than “non primed” participants. Moreover, “primed” participants “with” insight had higher SCRs during real environment immersion than “primed” participants “without” insight. The findings are consistent with the idea that intuitive decisions in various tasks are based on the activation of pre-existing knowledge, which is unconsciously retrieved, but nevertheless can elicit an intuitive impression of coherence and can generate insight.