重新安置欧文·戈夫曼：从污名权力到黑人权力,The Sociological Review

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重新安置欧文·戈夫曼：从污名权力到黑人权力
The Sociological Review ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-06-12 , DOI: 10.1177/0038026118777450
Imogen Tyler ₁

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本文提供了对北美社会学家欧文·戈夫曼 (Erving Goffman) 在其有影响力的耻辱感：关于被破坏身份的管理的笔记 (1963) 中对耻辱感的理解的批判性重读。作为历史上被广泛阅读和引用的社会学家之一，戈夫曼在 1963 年《污名》出版时就已经声名鹊起。他以前的书都是畅销书，自出版以来的 50 年中，仅《污名》就卖出了惊人的 800,000 册。鉴于其相当大的影响力，令人惊讶的是，人们对戈夫曼叙述的历史性几乎没有持续的参与。本文在吉姆·克劳 (Jim Crow) 和黑人自由斗争的历史背景下重新提出了戈夫曼 (Goffman) 对污名的概念化，这些斗争在他撰写描述的那一刻就动摇了“社会互动秩序”的基础。这篇文章的论点是，这些反对“种族歧视的耻辱”的爆炸性政治运动促使戈夫曼对污名的明确非政治性描述进行修正。戈夫曼的污名化概念的这一历史性修订建立在关于种族、种族隔离和美国社会学认识论之间关系的现有批判性工作的基础上。自始至终，它通过“黑人社会学”的镜头解读戈夫曼的耻辱，这一知识领域不仅指正式的社会学学术，还指政治宣言、新闻、创意写作、口述历史和回忆录。

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Resituating Erving Goffman: From Stigma Power to Black Power

This article offers a critical re-reading of the understanding of stigma forged by the North American sociologist Erving Goffman in his influential Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity (1963). One of the most widely read and cited sociologists in history, Goffman was already famous when Stigma was published in 1963. His previous books were best-sellers and Stigma alone has sold an astonishing 800,000 copies in the 50 years since its publication. Given its considerable influence, it is surprising how little sustained engagement there has been with the historicity of Goffman’s account. This article resituates Goffman’s conceptualisation of stigma within the historical context of Jim Crow and the Black freedom struggles that were shaking ‘the social interaction order’ to its foundations at the very moment he crafted his account. It is the contention of this article that these explosive political movements against the ‘humiliations of racial discrimination’ invite revision of Goffman’s decidedly apolitical account of stigma. This historical revision of Goffman’s stigma concept builds on an existing body of critical work on the relationship between race, segregation and the epistemology of sociology within the USA. Throughout, it reads Goffman’s Stigma through the lens of ‘Black Sociology’, a field of knowledge that here designates not only formal sociological scholarship, but political manifestos, journalism, creative writing, oral histories and memoirs. It is the argument of this article that placing Goffman’s concept of stigma into critical dialogue with Black epistemologies of stigma allows for a timely reconceptualisation of stigma as governmental technologies of dehumanisation that have long been collectively resisted from below.

更新日期：2018-06-12

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