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Bottom-Up or Top-Down Local Service Delivery? Assessing the Impacts of Special Districts as Community Governance Model
The American Review of Public Administration ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-29 , DOI: 10.1177/0275074020933968
Brian Y. An 1
Affiliation  

This article assesses the impacts of bottom-up local governing institutions relative to top-down bureaucracies in local service delivery. Community services districts (CSDs) in California, a class of special districts that provides various neighborhood-level services, are examined to answer this question. An innovative characteristic of this institutional form is that it is residents who create them through a grass-root collective action to achieve a bottom-up governance structure, after opting out from a county service system. With changes in residential property values as performance metrics, the quantitative analysis utilizes district formation events and features a hedonic difference-in-difference regression. The results show that the creation of CSDs produces more significant impacts on property values than county authorities do. Yet, the effects are heterogeneous across the communities when the analysis is further drilled down to each district. The exploratory qualitative case study then uses interview data with district managers and document analysis to unveil what administrative factors explain the success and failure trajectory of bottom-up institution management. The case study identifies such factors as critical codeterminants, including managerial and board leadership, clarity of a problem statement, public support, and intergovernmental coordination with county and state agencies.

中文翻译:

自下而上或自上而下的本地服务交付?评估特区作为社区治理模式的影响

本文评估了自下而上的地方治理机构相对于自上而下的官僚机构在地方服务提供中的影响。加利福尼亚州的社区服务区 (CSD) 是一类提供各种社区级服务的特殊区,旨在回答这个问题。这种制度形式的一个创新特点是,是居民在选择退出县级服务体系后,通过基层集体行动创造它们,实现自下而上的治理结构。以住宅物业价值的变化作为绩效指标,定量分析利用区域形成事件并具有特征差异中的享乐差异回归。结果表明,与县当局相比,CSD 的创建对财产价值产生了更显着的影响。然而,当分析进一步深入到每个地区时,社区之间的影响是不同的。探索性定性案例研究然后使用与地区经理的访谈数据和文件分析来揭示哪些行政因素解释了自下而上的机构管理的成功和失败轨迹。案例研究确定了诸如关键共同决定因素等因素,包括管理和董事会领导、问题陈述的清晰度、公众支持以及与县和州机构的政府间协调。探索性定性案例研究然后使用与地区经理的访谈数据和文件分析来揭示哪些行政因素解释了自下而上的机构管理的成功和失败轨迹。案例研究确定了诸如关键共同决定因素等因素,包括管理和董事会领导、问题陈述的清晰度、公众支持以及与县和州机构的政府间协调。探索性定性案例研究然后使用与地区经理的访谈数据和文件分析来揭示哪些行政因素解释了自下而上的机构管理的成功和失败轨迹。案例研究确定了诸如关键共同决定因素等因素,包括管理和董事会领导、问题陈述的清晰度、公众支持以及与县和州机构的政府间协调。
更新日期:2020-06-29
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