ABSTRACT In crisis events such as wars, natural disasters and epidemics, migrant workers are among the hardest hit and most vulnerable to displacement, unemployment and the loss of income. The coronavirus pandemic has drawn attention to the role of sending states in protecting labour migrants during disruptions, particularly by returning them to countries of origin. This article highlights the understudied aspect of repatriation, which needs to be unpacked as a process involving actors, policies and practices that shape a sending state's capacity for migrant protection. Through data and document analysis, the article examines the Philippines' experience of repatriating Filipino migrant workers from host countries during crises, focusing on three points. First, institutional and legislative policies configure repatriation in the Philippines' migration system as a process of facilitated return and assistance. Second, past crisis events show how the government's large-scale repatriation efforts adapted to specific situations, but also faced challenges with operational and resource capacities. Third, repatriation in the COVID-19 crisis suggests that a critical post-arrival phase of assistance remains underdeveloped. The discussion reveals the uneven approach of the sending state, which has built a comprehensive system of labour export, but a less coordinated repatriation system and an less fortified reintegration policy.

中文翻译：

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“带他们回家”行动：在危机时期大规模遣返海外菲律宾工人的经验教训

摘要在战争，自然灾害和流行病等危机事件中，移徙工人受灾最重，最容易流离失所，失业和收入损失。冠状病毒大流行已引起人们的关注，即派遣国在扰乱期间保护劳务移民的作用，特别是将其遣返原籍国。本文着重介绍了遣返工作中未得到充分了解的方面，需要将其分解为一个涉及行为者，政策和实践的过程，这些过程会影响派遣国保护移民的能力。通过数据和文件分析，本文考察了菲律宾在危机期间从东道国遣返菲律宾移民工人的经验，重点是三点。第一，体制和立法政策将菲律宾移民系统中的遣返配置为便利回返和援助的过程。其次，过去的危机事件表明，政府的大规模遣返工作是如何适应特定情况的，但同时也面临着运营和资源能力方面的挑战。第三，COVID-19危机中的遣返表明援助的关键到达后阶段仍未充分开发。讨论揭示了派遣国的做法不均衡，该国建立了一个全面的劳务输出系统，但协调的遣返制度较不完善，而重返社会的政策则较弱。适应特定情况的大规模遣返工作，但也面临业务和资源能力方面的挑战。第三，COVID-19危机中的遣返表明援助的关键到达后阶段仍未充分开发。讨论揭示了派遣国的做法不均衡，该国建立了一个全面的劳务输出系统，但协调的遣返制度较不完善，而重返社会的政策则较弱。适应特定情况的大规模遣返工作，但也面临业务和资源能力方面的挑战。第三，COVID-19危机中的遣返表明援助的关键到达后阶段仍未充分开发。讨论揭示了派遣国的做法不均衡，派遣国建立了全面的劳务输出系统，但遣返制度的协调性较弱，而重返社会的政策则较弱。