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Systemic Balancing and Regional Hedging: China–Russia Relations
The Chinese Journal of International Politics ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2016-09-17 , DOI: 10.1093/cjip/pow013
Alexander Korolev

There have been noticeable attempts in recent International Relations scholarship to introduce the concept of “hedging” as an alternative to “balancing” and “bandwagoning.” The analytical value of such conceptual innovation is not clear because adding a new term to the already rich mix may cause confusion. This paper argues that to be useful for the analysis of great power politics, hedging should be understood not as an alternative to balancing or bandwagoning, but as a phenomenon of a different order. In contrast to balancing or bandwagoning, which describe great powers’ behavior in response to system-level forces, hedging denotes interstate political matters unfolding at the unit and regional levels. The analysis of China-Russia relations supports this understanding. Both great powers are strategically on the same page with respect to resisting unipolarity and other issues of global politics, but their strategies often diverge with respect to purely bilateral relations or policies in their salient geographic environments. This two-level nature of China-Russia relations – balancing the Unipole while hedging toward one another – suggests that their global strategic behavior and regional bilateral interactions are subject to different causal forces that push in different directions. The former is a reaction to system-level pressure, whereas the latter is a result of multiple unit-level factors. Therefore, in the analysis of great power relations, hedging has a particular place on the ladder of levels of analysis.

中文翻译:

系统平衡与区域对冲:中俄关系

在最近的国际关系奖学金中,有一些引人注目的尝试引入“对冲”的概念,作为“平衡”和“随波逐流”的替代方案。这种概念创新的分析价值尚不清楚,因为在已经丰富的组合中添加新术语可能会引起混淆。本文认为,为了对大国政治的分析有用,对冲不应被理解为平衡或跟风的替代品,而应被理解为一种不同秩序的现象。与平衡或随波逐流(描述大国对系统层面力量作出反应的行为)相反,对冲是指在单位和地区层面展开的国家间政治事务。对中俄关系的分析支持了这一认识。两个大国在抵制单极和其他全球政治问题上在战略上是一致的,但在各自突出的地理环境中,在纯粹的双边关系或政策方面,它们的战略往往存在分歧。中俄关系的这种两个层面的性质——平衡单极和相互对冲——表明它们的全球战略行为和地区双边互动受制于不同方向的不同因果力量。前者是对系统级压力的反应,而后者是多个单元级因素的结果。因此,在大国关系分析中,对冲在分析层次的阶梯上占有特殊的地位。但在其突出的地理环境中,就纯粹的双边关系或政策而言,它们的战略往往存在分歧。中俄关系的这种两个层面的性质——平衡单极和对冲对方——表明他们的全球战略行为和地区双边互动受制于不同方向的不同因果力量。前者是对系统级压力的反应,而后者是多个单元级因素的结果。因此,在大国关系分析中,对冲在分析层次的阶梯上占有特殊的地位。但在其突出的地理环境中,就纯粹的双边关系或政策而言,它们的战略往往存在分歧。中俄关系的这种两个层面的性质——平衡单极和相互对冲——表明它们的全球战略行为和地区双边互动受制于不同方向的不同因果力量。前者是对系统级压力的反应,而后者是多个单元级因素的结果。因此,在大国关系分析中,对冲在分析层次的阶梯上占有特殊的地位。中俄关系的这种两个层面的性质——平衡单极和相互对冲——表明它们的全球战略行为和地区双边互动受制于不同方向的不同因果力量。前者是对系统级压力的反应,而后者是多个单元级因素的结果。因此,在大国关系分析中,对冲在分析层次的阶梯上占有特殊的地位。中俄关系的这种两个层面的性质——平衡单极和对冲对方——表明他们的全球战略行为和地区双边互动受制于不同方向的不同因果力量。前者是对系统级压力的反应,而后者是多个单元级因素的结果。因此,在大国关系分析中,对冲在分析层次的阶梯上占有特殊的地位。
更新日期:2016-09-17
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