Graphene oxide (GO)-based membranes formed by stacked nano-scale GO layers can be used to separate contaminants from the water via filtration. The membrane surface and permeation performance are altered by different filtration solutions. This study presented a facile vacuum-assisted approach of preparing a GO-Fe membrane by bonding between multivalent Fe and oxygenated functional groups on the membrane surface. Different solutions including water (pH 7.0), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, pH 4.5), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄, pH 3.0), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH, pH 9.7) were used. The impact of filtration on the membrane surface characteristics and permeation flux was investigated. In the results, filtration using water and H₂SO₄ exhibited the highest and lowest fluxes, respectively. Water filtration increased the O-H component of the membrane by hydration and improved the permeation flux (109.5 L m⁻²h⁻¹ bar⁻¹). However, this also potentially increased the interlayer distance of the membrane and reduced its molecule rejection rates. H₂SO₄ filtration destructed the membrane surface by enhancing the release of Fe. Filtration with H₂O₂ and NaOH maintained moderated spacing and permeation fluxes of the membrane by increasing the rates of oxygenation and protonation, respectively. The findings provide insights into how different types of solutions affect the stability and surface characteristics of a GO-based membrane modified by a multivalent cation.

由堆叠的纳米级GO层形成的基于氧化石墨烯（GO）的膜可用于通过过滤从水中分离污染物。膜的表面和渗透性能会因不同的过滤溶液而改变。这项研究提出了一种简便的真空辅助方法，通过多价铁与膜表面的氧化官能团之间的键合来制备GO-Fe膜。使用了不同的溶液，包括水（pH 7.0），过氧化氢（H ₂ O ₂，pH 4.5），硫酸（H ₂ SO ₄，pH 3.0）和氢氧化钠（NaOH，pH 9.7）。研究了过滤对膜表面特性和渗透通量的影响。结果，用水和H ₂过滤SO _4分别显示最高和最低通量。水过滤通过水合增加了膜的OH成分，并改善了渗透通量（109.5 L m ^-2 h ^-1 bar ^-1）。然而，这也潜在地增加了膜的层间距离并降低了其分子排斥率。H ₂ SO ₄过滤通过增强铁的释放而破坏了膜表面。用H ₂ O ₂过滤NaOH和NaOH分别通过增加氧合和质子化的速率来维持膜的适度的间隔和渗透通量。这些发现为不同类型的溶液如何影响被多价阳离子改性的GO基膜的稳定性和表面特性提供了见解。