Two principles should form the bedrock for effective policing in a democratic society. The first is that crimes averted, not arrests made, should be the primary metric for judging police effectiveness. The second is that citizens’ views about the police and their tactics for preventing crime and disorder matter independently of police effectiveness. Each principle is important in its own right and supported by research evidence. Neither has standing to trump the other and must be balanced on a case-by-case basis. In turn, these two principles should guide twenty-first-century efforts to reinvent American policing. Seven steps are essential to reinvention of democratic policing: Prioritize crime prevention over arrest. Create and install systems that monitor citizen reactions to the police and routinely report results back to the public and police supervisors and officers. Reform training and redefine the “craft of policing.” Recalibrate organizational incentives. Strengthen accountability with greater transparency. Incorporate the analysis of crime and citizen reaction into managerial practice. Strengthen national-level research and evaluation.

中文翻译：

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重塑美国警务

两项原则应构成民主社会中有效警务的基础。首先是避免犯罪而不是逮捕应成为判断警察效力的主要指标。第二是公民对警察的看法及其预防犯罪和骚乱的策略与警察的效力无关。每项原则本身都很重要，并得到研究证据的支持。双方都没有胜过对方的立场，必须根据具体情况加以平衡。反过来，这两个原则应指导二十世纪重新发明美国警务的工作。重塑民主警务必不可少的七个步骤：预防犯罪优先于逮捕。创建并安装系统来监视公民对警察的反应，并定期将结果报告给公众以及警察主管和官员。改革培训并重新定义“警务手段”。重新调整组织激励措施。加强问责制，提高透明度。将犯罪和公民反应的分析纳入管理实践。加强国家级研究评估。