Outlaw motorcycle clubs have spread across the globe. Their members have been associated with serious crime, and law enforcement often perceives them to be a form of organized crime. Outlaw bikers are disproportionately engaged in crime, but the role of the club itself in these crimes remains unclear. Three scenarios describe possible relations between clubs and the crimes of their members. In the “bad apple” scenario, members individually engage in crime; club membership may offer advantages in enabling and facilitating offending. In the “club within a club” scenario, members engage in crimes separate from the club, but because of the number of members involved, including high-ranking members, the club itself appears to be taking part. The club can be said to function as a criminal organization only when the formal organizational chain of command takes part in organization of the crime, lower level members regard senior members’ leadership in the crime as legitimate, and the crime is generally understood as “club business.” All three scenarios may play out simultaneously within one club with regard to different crimes.

中文翻译：

---

非法摩托车俱乐部和有组织犯罪

非法的摩托车俱乐部已遍布全球。他们的成员与严重犯罪有关，执法部门通常将其视为有组织犯罪的一种形式。非法骑自行车的人过多地参与犯罪活动，但俱乐部本身在这些犯罪中的作用仍不清楚。三种情况描述了俱乐部与会员犯罪之间的可能关系。在“坏苹果”的情况下，成员分别犯罪。俱乐部会员资格可以在促进和促进犯罪方面提供优势。在“俱乐部内的俱乐部”方案中，成员的犯罪行为与俱乐部分开，但由于涉及的成员数量众多，包括高级成员，俱乐部本身似乎正在参与。可以说，俱乐部只有在正式的组织指挥链参与犯罪组织，低级成员将高级成员在犯罪中的领导视为合法时才被视为犯罪组织，并且通常将犯罪理解为“俱乐部”。商业。” 对于不同的犯罪，这三种情况可能在一个俱乐部中同时播放。