Broad harmony and much commonality characterize the basic principles and core priorities of the sentencing systems of the four larger Nordic countries, notwithstanding rich diversity in details. Since 1960, there have been three distinctive phases in criminal justice policy and associated law reforms. A liberal period of “human and rational penal policy” from the late 1960s to early 1990s reformulated principles of penological thinking and resulted, among other things, in a radical reduction in the use of imprisonment in Finland. A second phase beginning in the mid-1990s, the “punitive turn—Nordic style,” with Sweden playing the central role, included a gradual politicization of criminal justice policy and intensification in penal control especially in relation to drugs, violence, and sexual offenses. Political and police trends in the 2000s have been somewhat contradictory but include success in controlling the use of imprisonment and expanding the use of community penalties. Imprisonment rates rose slightly in the late 1990s but since 2005 have been either stable or declining. There is rich diversity in details among the Nordic countries but also broad harmony in basic principles and priorities.

中文翻译：

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北欧量刑

广泛的和谐和共同点是北欧四个较大国家判刑制度的基本原则和核心优先事项，尽管在细节上有很多不同之处。自1960年以来，刑事司法政策和相关法律改革分为三个不同的阶段。从1960年代末到1990年代初的“人道和理性的刑罚政策”自由时期重新制定了刑法学思维的原则，除其他外，结果导致了芬兰使用监禁的大幅度减少。从1990年代中期开始的第二阶段是“惩罚性转变-北欧风格”，其中瑞典发挥了核心作用，其中包括将刑事司法政策逐步政治化，并加强刑事管制，特别是在毒品，暴力和性犯罪方面。2000年代的政治和警察趋势在某种程度上是自相矛盾的，但包括在控制使用监禁和扩大社区惩罚的适用方面取得了成功。1990年代后期，监禁率略有上升，但自2005年以来一直稳定或下降。北欧国家之间在细节上有着丰富的多样性，但在基本原则和优先事项上也有着广泛的和谐。