Italian mafias—Cosa Nostra, Camorra, and ‘Ndrangheta—are long-lived, resilient organizations that have evolved to adapt to environmental changes. They have different organizational models. While Cosa Nostra (in the past) and ‘Ndrangheta are characterized by a unitary, vertical structure and higher-level coordination bodies, Camorra has a plurality of organizational models; the majority of clans maintain a structure that is fluid, polycentric, and conflictual. In general, mafias with a vertical organizational order have greater control over conflict, and greater capacity to resist state power. The ‘Ndrangheta has become the richest and most powerful of the three, replacing Cosa Nostra in international drug trafficking. It is able to reproduce its organizational structures and business model in new territories in Italy and elsewhere. In contrast, owing to unprecedented law enforcement efforts in recent decades, Cosa Nostra is weaker, down but not out. Camorra continues to be the most violent mafia, committing more homicides than the other two combined. Consistent with their adaptive capacity, mafias in new areas of expansion are treated as novel agents that can provide extralegal services and business opportunities. They are sought out by entrepreneurs, white-collar professionals, and local politicians to solve problems such as debt collection, labor unrest, and disputes with suppliers.

中文翻译：

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1950年以来的意大利有组织犯罪

意大利黑手党（Cosa Nostra，Camorra和'Ndrangheta）是长期存在的，有韧性的组织，已经发展为适应环境变化。他们有不同的组织模型。虽然Cosa Nostra（过去）和'Ndrangheta具有统一的垂直结构和更高级别的协调机构，但Camorra具有多种组织模式。大多数氏族都保持着流动，多中心和冲突的结构。通常，具有垂直组织秩序的黑手党可以更好地控制冲突，并具有更大的抵抗国家权力的能力。'Ndrangheta已成为这三个国家中最富有，最强大的国家，在国际毒品交易中取代了Cosa Nostra。它能够在意大利和其他地区的新地区重现其组织结构和业务模型。相反，由于近几十年来前所未有的执法努力，科萨·诺斯特拉（Cosa Nostra）实力较弱，跌幅不小。卡莫拉仍然是最暴力的黑手党，其凶杀案比其他两个案件加起来还要多。与他们的适应能力相一致，在新的扩展领域中的黑手党被视为可以提供法外服务和商业机会的新颖代理。企业家，白领专业人士和当地政客正在寻求解决这些问题的方法，以解决诸如催收债款，劳动力动荡以及与供应商之间的纠纷之类的问题。在新的扩张领域中的黑手党被视为可以提供法外服务和商机的新颖媒介。企业家，白领专业人士和当地政客正在寻求解决这些问题的方法，以解决诸如催收债款，劳动力动荡以及与供应商之间的纠纷之类的问题。在新的扩张领域中的黑手党被视为可以提供法外服务和商机的新颖媒介。企业家，白领专业人士和当地政客正在寻求解决这些问题的方法，以解决诸如催债，劳力动荡以及与供应商之间的纠纷之类的问题。