Plants are functional macrobes living in a close association with diverse communities of microbes and viruses as complex systems that continuously interact with the surrounding environment. The microbiota within the plant holobiont serves various essential and beneficial roles, such as in plant growth at different stages, starting from seed germination. Meanwhile, pathogenic microbes—differentiated from the rest of the plant microbiome based on their ability to damage the plant tissues through transient blooming under specific conditions—are also a part of the plant microbiome. Recent advances in multi-omics have furthered our understanding of the structure and functions of plant-associated microbes, and a pathobiome paradigm has emerged as a set of organisms (i.e., complex eukaryotic, microbial, and viral communities) within the plant’s biotic environment which interact with the host to deteriorate its health status. Recent studies have demonstrated that the one pathogen–one disease hypothesis is insufficient to describe the disease process in many cases, particularly when complex organismic communities are involved. The present review discusses the plant holobiont and covers the steady transition of plant pathology from the one pathogen–one disease hypothesis to the pathobiome paradigm. Moreover, previous reports on model plant diseases, in which more than one pathogen or co-operative interaction amongst pathogenic microbes is implicated, are reviewed and discussed.

中文翻译：

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受盟国攻击的植物：向植物病原生物组范式迈进

植物是功能强大的大微生物，它们与微生物和病毒的各种群落密切相关，它们是与周围环境不断相互作用的复杂系统。植物全生命周期内的微生物群起着各种重要的有益作用，例如从种子发芽开始的不同阶段的植物生长。同时，病原微生物也是植物微生物组的一部分，这些病原微生物与植物微生物组的其余部分有所区别，基于它们通过在特定条件下短暂开花而破坏植物组织的能力。多元组学的最新进展进一步加深了我们对与植物相关的微生物的结构和功能的理解，并且病原体学范式已作为一组生物出现（即，复杂的真核生物，微生物，和生物群落中的病毒群落）与宿主相互作用，从而恶化其健康状况。最近的研究表明，在许多情况下，尤其是涉及复杂的生物群落时，一种病原体-一种疾病的假设不足以描述疾病的过程。本综述讨论了植物全生命周期，并涵盖了植物病理学从一种病原体-一种疾病假说到病理生物组范式的平稳过渡。此外，回顾并讨论了关于模式植物病害的先前报道，其中涉及一种以上病原体或病原微生物之间的合作相互作用。最近的研究表明，在许多情况下，尤其是涉及复杂的生物群落时，一种病原体-一种疾病的假设不足以描述疾病的过程。本综述讨论了植物全生命周期，并涵盖了植物病理学从一种病原体-一种疾病假说到病理生物组范式的平稳过渡。此外，回顾并讨论了关于模式植物病害的先前报道，其中涉及一种以上病原体或病原微生物之间的合作相互作用。最近的研究表明，在许多情况下，尤其是涉及复杂的生物群落时，一种病原体-一种疾病的假设不足以描述疾病的过程。本综述讨论了植物全生命周期，并涵盖了植物病理学从一种病原体-一种疾病假说到病理生物组范式的平稳过渡。此外，回顾并讨论了关于模式植物病害的先前报道，其中涉及一种以上病原体或病原微生物之间的合作相互作用。