Spent alkaline and zinc-carbon batteries contain valuable elements (notably, Zn and Mn), which need to be recovered to keep a circular economy. In this study, the black mass materials from those spent batteries are pyrometallurgically treated via a series of process steps in a pilot-scale KALDO furnace to produce an Mn–Zn product, a ZnO product, and an MnO (manganese monoxide) product, toward applications of Mn–Zn micronutrient fertilizer, zinc metal, and manganese alloy, respectively. After an oxidative roasting step, an Mn–Zn product, containing 43% Mn, 22% Zn, and negligible amounts of toxic elements (notably, Cd, Hg, and Pb), could be produced, being suitable for the micronutrient fertilizer application. After a reductive roasting step, a ZnO product and an MnO product are produced. The attained ZnO product, containing up to 84.6% ZnO, is suitable for zinc metal production when the leaching steps are taken to remove most of the Cl and F in the product. The attained MnO product, containing up to 91.7% MnO, is of premium quality for manganese alloy production, preferably for SiMn alloy production due to its low phosphorus content. The proposed application scenarios could substantially improve the recovery efficiency of those spent batteries.

废碱性电池和锌碳电池包含有价值的元素（特别是Zn和Mn），需要对其进行回收以保持循环经济。在这项研究中，通过中试规模的KALDO炉中的一系列工艺步骤对这些废电池中的黑色块状材料进行了火法冶金处理，以生产出Mn-Zn产物，ZnO产物和MnO（一氧化锰）产物。锰锌微量元素肥料，锌金属和锰合金的应用。经过氧化焙烧步骤后，可以生产出含有43％Mn，22％Zn和可忽略不计的有毒元素（特别是Cd，Hg和Pb）的Mn-Zn产品，适用于微量营养肥的应用。在还原焙烧步骤之后，产生ZnO产物和MnO产物。所获得的ZnO产物，其氧化锌含量高达84.6％，当采用浸出步骤去除产品中大部分的Cl和F时，该产品适用于锌金属生产。所获得的MnO含量高达91.7％的MnO产品由于锰含量低而对于锰合金生产，优选对于SiMn合金生产具有优良的品质。拟议的应用场景可以大大提高这些废电池的回收效率。