ABSTRACT

Finding new melt-cast explosives with desired properties to replace 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) has been intensely-pursued in recent decades. However, the contradiction among high energy, low mechanical sensitivity and low-melting makes the innovation of insensitive high-energy-density melt-cast explosives an enormous challenge, so the melt-cast explosives of comprehensive properties better than TNT has not been found. Here, we show a new way to design melt-cast insensitive energetic compound by the introduction of C-F into nitroaromatics. This as-synthesized energetic compound exhibits excellent performance with a high-measured density of 1.81 g cm⁻³, high thermal decomposition temperature (>300°C), high detonation velocity of 8.54 km s⁻¹, appropriate melting point (82°C) and low viscosity(6200 mpa·S), and extremely low mechanical sensitivities (impact sensitivity, >60 J, and friction sensitivity, >360 N), superior to those of current melt-cast explosives, such as TNT and 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN).

摘要

在最近的几十年中，人们一直在寻找具有所需性能的新型熔铸炸药来代替2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）。然而，高能，低机械敏感性和低熔点之间的矛盾使得不敏感的高能密度熔铸炸药的创新成为巨大的挑战，因此尚未发现具有比TNT更好的综合性能的熔铸炸药。在这里，我们展示了通过将CF引入硝基芳族化合物中来设计熔铸不敏感高能化合物的新方法。这种合成的高能化合物具有优异的性能，具有1.81 g cm ^-3的高测量密度，高的热分解温度（> 300°C），高的爆轰速度为8.54 km s ^-1，熔点适中（82°C），粘度低（6200 mpa·S），机械灵敏度极低（冲击灵敏度> 60 J，摩擦灵敏度> 360 N），优于目前的熔铸炸药，例如TNT和2,4-二硝基苯甲醚（DNAN）。