We explore the effects of trained musical movements on sensorimotor interactions in order to clarify the interpretation of previously observed expertise differences. Pianists and non-pianists listened to an auditory sequence and identified whether the final event occurred in time with the sequence. In half the trials participants listened without moving, and in half they synchronized keystrokes while listening. Pianists and non-pianists were better able to identify the timing of the final tone after synchronizing keystrokes compared to listening only. Curiously, this effect of movement did not differ between pianists and non-pianists despite substantial training differences with respect to finger movements. We also found few group differences in the ability to align keystrokes with events in the auditory sequence; however, movements were less variable (lower coefficient of variation) in pianists compared to non-pianists. Consistent with the idea that the benefits of synchronization on rhythm perception are constrained by motor effector kinematics, this work helps clarify previous findings in this paradigm. We discuss these outcomes in light of training and the kinematics involved in pianist keystrokes compared to musicians synchronizing movements in other studies. We also overview how these differences across motor effector synchronization and training must be accounted for in models of perception and action.

中文翻译：

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探索效应器的作用

我们探究受过训练的音乐动作对感觉运动相互作用的影响，以阐明以前观察到的专业知识差异的解释。钢琴家和非钢琴家听了一个听觉序列，并确定了最后的事件是否与该序列及时发生。一半的试验参与者不动不动地聆听，一半的人在聆听时同步击键。与仅聆听相比，在同步击键后，钢琴家和非钢琴家能够更好地确定最终音调的时机。奇怪的是，尽管在手指运动方面存在很大的训练差异，但钢琴演奏者和非钢琴演奏者之间的这种运动效果没有差异。我们还发现，将击键与听觉序列中的事件对齐的能力方面几乎没有小组差异。然而，与非钢琴演奏者相比，钢琴演奏者的动作变化较小（变异系数较低）。与同步对节奏感知的好处受运动效应器运动学限制的观点相一致，这项工作有助于弄清该范例中的先前发现。我们将根据训练和钢琴演奏者击键所涉及的运动学与音乐家同步其他研究中的运动相比来讨论这些结果。我们还概述了如何在感知和动作模型中解决运动效应器同步和训练之间的这些差异。这项工作有助于阐明该范式中的先前发现。我们将根据训练和钢琴演奏者击键所涉及的运动学与音乐家同步其他研究中的运动相比来讨论这些结果。我们还概述了如何在感知和动作模型中解决运动效应器同步和训练之间的这些差异。这项工作有助于阐明该范式中的先前发现。我们将根据训练和钢琴演奏者击键所涉及的运动学与音乐家同步其他研究中的运动相比来讨论这些结果。我们还概述了如何在感知和动作模型中解决运动效应器同步和训练之间的这些差异。