Multicore Ferrocene Derivative as a Highly Soluble Cathode Material for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries,ACS Applied Energy Materials

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Multicore Ferrocene Derivative as a Highly Soluble Cathode Material for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries
ACS Applied Energy Materials ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-31 , DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.0c02733
Hui Chen ₁ , Zhihui Niu ₂ , Jing Ye ₃ , Changkun Zhang ₁ , Xiaohong Zhang ₁ , Yu Zhao ₁

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Nonaqueous redox flow batteries (NARFBs) are considered promising electrochemical energy storage systems to overcome the limited electrochemical window of aqueous counterparts. However, the limited solubility of redox-active materials in the nonaqueous phase, for instance, the intensively investigated ferrocene derivatives, needs to be addressed prior to their practical implementation. In this study, we demonstrate the design and synthesis of a multicore ferrocene derivative, 4,4-diferrocenyl-1-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-pentane (DFDE), as a highly soluble cathode-active material for NARFBs. Owing to the tailored ether chain as well as the synergistic effect of multiple ferrocene cores, DFDE exhibits a high solubility of 4.5 M equivalent electron concentration in an ether-based solvent as well as a more positive redox potential compared with pristine ferrocene, which are essential to improve the energy density of NARFBs. Moreover, electrochemical characterizations reveal that DFDE undergoes highly reversible redox reactions with a fast electron-transfer rate constant. When paired with N-butyl-phthalimide (BuPh), the cell exhibits a discharge voltage of ca. 1.8 V and stable cycling performance. The use of multicore ferrocene derivatives might represent an effective yet to be explored strategy to overcome the solubility limit of ferrocene-based cathode materials at affordable environmental and ecological load.

中文翻译：

多核二茂铁衍生物作为非水氧化还原液流电池的高溶解度阴极材料

非水氧化还原液流电池（NARFB）被认为是有前途的电化学储能系统，可克服水性对等物有限的电化学窗口。但是，氧化还原活性材料在非水相中的溶解度有限，例如，深入研究的二茂铁衍生物，需要在实际应用之前解决。在这项研究中，我们证明了多核二茂铁衍生物4,4-二茂铁基-1-（2-甲氧基-乙氧基）-戊烷（DFDE）的设计和合成，作为NARFBs的高可溶性阴极活性材料。由于量身定制的醚链以及多个二茂铁核的协同效应，DFDE的溶解度为4。醚基溶剂中的5 M当量电子浓度以及比原始二茂铁更高的氧化还原电势，这对于提高NARFB的能量密度至关重要。此外，电化学表征显示DFDE经历了具有快速电子传递速率常数的高度可逆的氧化还原反应。搭配时N-丁基邻苯二甲酰亚胺（BuPh），电池的放电电压约为。1.8 V和稳定的循环性能。多核二茂铁衍生物的使用可能代表一种有效且尚未探索的策略，以克服在负担得起的环境和生态负荷下二茂铁基正极材料的溶解度限制。

更新日期：2021-01-25

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