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Molecular Diversity of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Among Two Major Areas in Morocco in Contrast with Foreign Varieties
International Journal of Fruit Science ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-31 , DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2020.1862734
Karim Houmanat 1 , Kajji Abdellah 1 , Lahcen Hssaini 1 , Rachid Razouk 1 , Hafida Hanine 2 , Soukaina Jaafary 1, 2 , Jamal Charafi 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

In Morocco, walnut tree (Juglans regia L.) cultivation is ancestral with complicated misidentification and unknown local genetic diversity. Atlas Mountains host a rich walnut tree germplasm, which has arisen from seedlings. The use of molecular markers makes it possible to overcomes confusion usually encountered in phenotypic characterization, thereby elucidating the real genetic diversity magnitude. This study aimed to investigate the genetic relationships among 33 local walnut trees grown in two contrasted agroecosystems, while comparing them with 8 Bulgarian varieties belonging to an ex-situ collection, using ISSR markers. The use of 13 primers generated 120 reproducible ISSR markers, with 7 to 13 bands and an average of nine bands per primer. This number reflected the high level of polymorphism between genotypes revealed by the selected primers. The average polymorphism rate was 75.2%, with the polymorphic information content varying from 0.212 to 0.370 and with an average of 0.32. Genetic distances and the pairwise comparison showed that all pairs of genotypes are distinct using more than 10 markers with a maximum of 50 bands. The dendrogram showed an obvious phylo-geographic structuring and the differentiation of genotypes by origin area. The Bulgarian cultivars form distinct groups that confirms the specificity of the Moroccan walnut gene pool. However, the dendrogram obtained showed that the Moroccan genotypes are genetically close to a certain number of Bulgarian genotypes. This indicates that some Moroccan genotypes and the Bulgarian varieties could have a common ancestor.



中文翻译:

与外来品种相反,摩洛哥两个主要地区的核桃(Juglans regia L.)分子多样性

摘要

在摩洛哥,胡桃树(核桃)L.)祖先种植,具有复杂的错误识别和未知的当地遗传多样性。阿特拉斯山脉拥有丰富的核桃树种质,该种质源于幼苗。分子标记的使用使得有可能克服表型表征中通常遇到的混乱,从而阐明真正的遗传多样性幅度。这项研究旨在调查在两个对比农业生态系统中生长的33棵当地核桃树之间的遗传关系,同时使用ISSR标记将它们与8个属于异地采集的保加利亚品种进行比较。使用13个引物可产生120个可重复的ISSR标记,每个标记具有7至13条带,平均9条带。该数字反映了所选引物揭示的基因型之间高水平的多态性。平均多态性率为75.2%,多态信息含量从0.212到0.370不等,平均值为0.32。遗传距离和成对比较显示,使用超过10个标记(最大50条带)的所有基因型对都是不同的。树状图显示出明显的系统地理结构,并按起源地区区分了基因型。保加利亚品种形成不同的群体,这证实了摩洛哥核桃基因库的特异性。然而,获得的树状图显示摩洛哥基因型在遗传上接近一定数量的保加利亚基因型。这表明某些摩洛哥基因型和保加利亚品种可能具有共同的祖先。遗传距离和成对比较显示,使用超过10个标记(最大50条带)的所有基因型对都是不同的。树状图显示出明显的系统地理结构,并按起源地区区分了基因型。保加利亚品种形成不同的群体,这证实了摩洛哥核桃基因库的特异性。然而,获得的树状图显示摩洛哥基因型在遗传上接近一定数量的保加利亚基因型。这表明某些摩洛哥基因型和保加利亚品种可能具有共同的祖先。遗传距离和成对比较显示,使用超过10个标记(最大50条带)的所有基因型对都是不同的。树状图显示出明显的系统地理结构,并按起源地区区分了基因型。保加利亚品种形成不同的群体,这证实了摩洛哥核桃基因库的特异性。然而,获得的树状图显示摩洛哥基因型在遗传上接近一定数量的保加利亚基因型。这表明某些摩洛哥基因型和保加利亚品种可能具有共同的祖先。树状图显示出明显的系统地理结构,并按起源地区区分了基因型。保加利亚品种形成不同的群体,这证实了摩洛哥核桃基因库的特异性。然而,获得的树状图显示摩洛哥基因型在遗传上接近一定数量的保加利亚基因型。这表明某些摩洛哥基因型和保加利亚品种可能具有共同的祖先。树状图显示出明显的系统地理结构,并按起源地区区分了基因型。保加利亚品种形成不同的群体,这证实了摩洛哥核桃基因库的特异性。然而,获得的树状图显示摩洛哥基因型在遗传上接近一定数量的保加利亚基因型。这表明某些摩洛哥基因型和保加利亚品种可能具有共同的祖先。

更新日期:2020-12-31
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