Single-atom nanozymes (SANs) are one of the newest generations of nanozymes, which have been greatly developed in the past few years and exploited widely for many applications, such as biosensing, disease diagnosis and therapy, bioimaging, and so on. SANs, possessing dispersed single-atom structures and a well-defined coordination environment, exhibit remarkable catalytic performance with both high activity and stability. In this paper, the most recent progress in SANs is reviewed in terms of their advanced synthesis, characterization, functional mechanisms, performance validation/optimization, and biomedical applications. Several technical challenges hindering practical applications of SANs are analyzed, and possible research directions are also proposed for overcoming the challenges.

中文翻译：

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单原子纳米酶的前景：先进的合成，功能机制和生物医学应用。

单原子纳米酶（SAN）是最新一代的纳米酶之一，在过去的几年中得到了极大的发展，并被广泛地用于许多应用中，例如生物传感，疾病诊断和治疗，生物成像等。具有分散的单原子结构和定义明确的配位环境的SAN具有出色的催化性能，同时具有高活性和稳定性。在本文中，从SAN的高级合成，特征，功能机制，性能验证/优化和生物医学应用的角度对SAN的最新进展进行了综述。分析了阻碍SAN实际应用的若干技术挑战，并提出了克服这些挑战的可能的研究方向。