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Multiple stressors determine river ecological status at the European scale: Towards an integrated understanding of river status deterioration
Global Change Biology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-28 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15504 Jan U. Lemm 1, 2 , Markus Venohr 3 , Lidija Globevnik 4, 5 , Kostas Stefanidis 6, 7 , Yiannis Panagopoulos 6, 7 , Jos van Gils 8 , Leo Posthuma 9, 10 , Peter Kristensen 11 , Christian K. Feld 1, 12 , Judith Mahnkopf 3 , Daniel Hering 1, 12 , Sebastian Birk 1, 12
Global Change Biology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-28 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15504 Jan U. Lemm 1, 2 , Markus Venohr 3 , Lidija Globevnik 4, 5 , Kostas Stefanidis 6, 7 , Yiannis Panagopoulos 6, 7 , Jos van Gils 8 , Leo Posthuma 9, 10 , Peter Kristensen 11 , Christian K. Feld 1, 12 , Judith Mahnkopf 3 , Daniel Hering 1, 12 , Sebastian Birk 1, 12
Affiliation
The biota of European rivers are affected by a wide range of stressors impairing water quality and hydro‐morphology. Only about 40% of Europe's rivers reach ‘good ecological status’, a target set by the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) and indicated by the biota. It is yet unknown how the different stressors in concert impact ecological status and how the relationship between stressors and status differs between river types. We linked the intensity of seven stressors to recently measured ecological status data for more than 50,000 sub‐catchment units (covering almost 80% of Europe's surface area), which were distributed among 12 broad river types. Stressor data were either derived from remote sensing data (extent of urban and agricultural land use in the riparian zone) or modelled (alteration of mean annual flow and of base flow, total phosphorous load, total nitrogen load and mixture toxic pressure, a composite metric for toxic substances), while data on ecological status were taken from national statutory reporting of the second WFD River Basin Management Plans for the years 2010–2015. We used Boosted Regression Trees to link ecological status to stressor intensities. The stressors explained on average 61% of deviance in ecological status for the 12 individual river types, with all seven stressors contributing considerably to this explanation. On average, 39.4% of the deviance was explained by altered hydro‐morphology (morphology: 23.2%; hydrology: 16.2%), 34.4% by nutrient enrichment and 26.2% by toxic substances. More than half of the total deviance was explained by stressor interaction, with nutrient enrichment and toxic substances interacting most frequently and strongly. Our results underline that the biota of all European river types are determined by co‐occurring and interacting multiple stressors, lending support to the conclusion that fundamental management strategies at the catchment scale are required to reach the ambitious objective of good ecological status of surface waters.
中文翻译:
多种压力因素在欧洲范围内决定河流的生态状况:全面了解河流状况的恶化
欧洲河流的生物区系受到各种破坏因素的影响,这些破坏因素会破坏水质和水文形态。欧洲只有约40%的河流达到了“良好的生态状态”,这是由欧洲水框架指令(WFD)设定并由生物群确定的目标。尚不知道音乐会中不同压力源如何影响生态状况,以及不同类型河流之间压力源与状态之间的关系如何不同。我们将7个压力源的强度与最近测得的50,000多个子汇水单位(覆盖了欧洲近80%的表面积)的生态状况数据相关联,这些数据分布在12种宽泛的河流类型中。压力源数据是从遥感数据(河岸带中城市和农业用地的程度)获得的,或者是模型化的(年均流量和基流量的变化,总磷负荷,总氮负荷和混合物有毒压力,这是有毒物质的综合指标),而生态状况数据则取自2010-2015年第二份WFD流域管理计划的国家法定报告。我们使用增强回归树将生态状况与胁迫强度联系在一起。压力源解释了12种单独河流类型平均61%的生态状况偏差,所有七个压力源对此做出了很大贡献。平均而言,39.4%的偏差是通过改变水的形态来解释的(形态:23.2%;水文学:16.2%),34.4%的营养富集和26.2%的有毒物质。总偏差的一半以上是由压力源相互作用引起的,营养物质富集和有毒物质之间的相互作用最频繁且最强烈。我们的结果强调,所有欧洲河流类型的生物区系都是由多种压力因素共同发生和相互作用所决定的,从而为以下结论提供了支持:必须达到集水规模的基本管理策略才能实现地表水良好生态状况的宏伟目标。
更新日期:2020-12-28
中文翻译:
多种压力因素在欧洲范围内决定河流的生态状况:全面了解河流状况的恶化
欧洲河流的生物区系受到各种破坏因素的影响,这些破坏因素会破坏水质和水文形态。欧洲只有约40%的河流达到了“良好的生态状态”,这是由欧洲水框架指令(WFD)设定并由生物群确定的目标。尚不知道音乐会中不同压力源如何影响生态状况,以及不同类型河流之间压力源与状态之间的关系如何不同。我们将7个压力源的强度与最近测得的50,000多个子汇水单位(覆盖了欧洲近80%的表面积)的生态状况数据相关联,这些数据分布在12种宽泛的河流类型中。压力源数据是从遥感数据(河岸带中城市和农业用地的程度)获得的,或者是模型化的(年均流量和基流量的变化,总磷负荷,总氮负荷和混合物有毒压力,这是有毒物质的综合指标),而生态状况数据则取自2010-2015年第二份WFD流域管理计划的国家法定报告。我们使用增强回归树将生态状况与胁迫强度联系在一起。压力源解释了12种单独河流类型平均61%的生态状况偏差,所有七个压力源对此做出了很大贡献。平均而言,39.4%的偏差是通过改变水的形态来解释的(形态:23.2%;水文学:16.2%),34.4%的营养富集和26.2%的有毒物质。总偏差的一半以上是由压力源相互作用引起的,营养物质富集和有毒物质之间的相互作用最频繁且最强烈。我们的结果强调,所有欧洲河流类型的生物区系都是由多种压力因素共同发生和相互作用所决定的,从而为以下结论提供了支持:必须达到集水规模的基本管理策略才能实现地表水良好生态状况的宏伟目标。