Winter snow and spring temperature have differential effects on vegetation phenology and productivity across Arctic plant communities,Global Change Biology

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Winter snow and spring temperature have differential effects on vegetation phenology and productivity across Arctic plant communities
Global Change Biology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-28 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15505
Katharine C. Kelsey ₁ , Stine Højlund Pedersen _{2,

3} , A. Joshua Leffler ₄ , Joseph O. Sexton ₅ , Min Feng ₅ , Jeffrey M. Welker _{3,

6,

7}

Affiliation

Tundra dominates two‐thirds of the unglaciated, terrestrial Arctic. Although this region has experienced rapid and widespread changes in vegetation phenology and productivity over the last several decades, the specific climatic drivers responsible for this change remain poorly understood. Here we quantified the effect of winter snowpack and early spring temperature conditions on growing season vegetation phenology (timing of the start, peak, and end of the growing season) and productivity of the dominant tundra vegetation communities of Arctic Alaska. We used daily remotely sensed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and daily snowpack and temperature variables produced by SnowModel and MicroMet, coupled physically based snow and meteorological modeling tools, to (1) determine the most important snowpack and thermal controls on tundra vegetation phenology and productivity and (2) describe the direction of these relationships within each vegetation community. Our results show that soil temperature under the snowpack, snowmelt timing, and air temperature following snowmelt are the most important drivers of growing season timing and productivity among Arctic vegetation communities. Air temperature after snowmelt was the most important control on timing of season start and end, with warmer conditions contributing to earlier phenology in all vegetation communities. In contrast, the controls on the timing of peak season and productivity also included snowmelt timing and soil temperature under the snowpack, dictated in part by the snow insulating capacity. The results of this novel analysis suggest that while future warming effects on phenology may be consistent across communities of the tundra biome, warming may result in divergent, community‐specific productivity responses if coupled with reduced snow insulating capacity lowers winter soil temperature and potential nutrient cycling in the soil.

中文翻译：

冬季降雪和春季温度对北极植物群落的植物物候和生产力有不同的影响

苔原在无冰川的陆地北极地区占据了三分之二的位置。尽管在过去的几十年中，该地区的植被物候和生产力发生了迅速而广泛的变化，但造成这种变化的具体气候驱动因素仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们量化了冬季积雪和早春温度条件对生长季节植被物候（生长季节的开始，高峰和结束的时间）和北极阿拉斯加主要苔原植被群落生产力的影响。我们使用了每天的遥感归一化差异植被指数（NDVI），由SnowModel和MicroMet产生的每日积雪和温度变量，以及基于物理的降雪和气象建模工具，（1）确定关于苔原植被物候和生产力的最重要的积雪和温度控制，以及（2）描述每个植被群落内这些关系的方向。我们的结果表明，在北极植被群落中，积雪下的土壤温度，融雪时间和融雪后的气温是生长季节时间和生产力的最重要驱动因素。融雪后的气温是季节开始和结束时间的最重要控制因素，天气变暖导致所有植被群落的物候较早。相比之下，高峰季节时间和生产力的控制还包括融雪时间和积雪下的土壤温度，部分取决于雪的隔热能力。

更新日期：2020-12-28

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