Abstract This paper argues that the Polish noun-pronoun asymmetry in which the intensifier sam ‘self’ precedes nouns and follows pronominals is not a simple case of configuration in the DP, whereby pronouns, unlike nominals, target D0 for referential reasons (cf. Rutkowski 2002, 2012). Such viewpoints, in the case of Polish, are unfortunate because they appear to underlyingly work on and draw from the syntax of nominal projections characteristic of English or Italian i.e., languages with articles. We show that the asymmetry pertains to various semantic interpretations of sam, the different semantic specification of nominals and pronominals, and the flexible word order property. What we need, therefore, is a broader clausal perspective coupled with necessary remarks on the abovementioned issues. Thus, rather than employing the DP-hypothesis, we assume two cornerstone phenomena i.e. flexible word order and rich agreement to be crucial here as they facilitate syntactic options like focalisation or topicalisation which manifest discourse information and in which sam functions as a focus or topic particle (cf. Constantinou 2014). These contexts are held typical of the asymmetry, thereby making it an interplay between semantic properties of nominal/pronominal expressions and organisation of discourse information that syntax makes available.

中文翻译：

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波兰语中的名词/代词不对称性：反对名义观点和DP假设

摘要本文认为，波兰语名词-代词不对称（其中增强词“自我”在名词之前和之后在名词后面）不是DP中配置的简单情况，因此，代词与名词不同，出于参考原因而针对D0（参见Rutkowski） 2002年，2012年）。在波兰语中，这样的观点是不幸的，因为它们似乎从根本上研究并借鉴了英语或意大利语（即带有文章的语言）特征性名义投影的语法。我们表明，不对称性涉及sam的各种语义解释，名词和名词的不同语义规范以及灵活的词序属性。因此，我们需要的是更宽泛的从句视角，加上对上述问题的必要评论。因此，与其采用DP假设，我们假设两个基石现象，即灵活的语序和丰富的同意在这里至关重要，因为它们促进了集中化或主题化的语法选择，这些语法选择体现了话语信息，而山姆在其中充当焦点或主题（参见Constantinou 2014）。这些上下文是非对称性的典型特征，因此使它成为名义/代名词表达的语义属性与语法提供的话语信息组织之间的相互作用。