ABSTRACT

We review recent research investigating the effect of shared human values on personal and social outcomes. Using more precise methods than past research, cross-sectional and experimental evidence suggests that well-being and prejudice are predicted by the extent to which people’s values align (or are perceived to align) with those of other people around them. Importantly, this research shows that these effects depend on the type of values being considered and are more nuanced than prior research suggests. For example, well-being is higher among individuals who perceive their fellow citizens to share their values of power and achievement. Prejudice against immigrants is higher among individuals who value conservation more but perceive immigrants to value openness. Moreover, experimentally highlighting actual value similarities rather than mean differences improves attitudes towards outgroups. We discuss how future studies can improve our understanding of value similarity effects and their underlying mechanisms.

摘要

我们回顾了最近的研究，这些研究调查了共享人类价值观对个人和社会成果的影响。使用比过去的研究更精确的方法，横断面和实验证据表明，幸福感和偏见是通过人们的价值观与周围其他人的价值观相一致（或被认为与之相一致）的程度来预测的。重要的是，这项研究表明，这些影响取决于所考虑的值的类型，并且比以前的研究建议的更加细微。例如，在感知同胞分享其权力和成就价值观的个人中，幸福感更高。在个人中，对移民的偏见更高，他们更重视保护，但认为移民重视开放性。而且，实验性地强调实际价值的相似性，而不是均值差异，可以提高人们对群体的态度。我们讨论了未来的研究如何改善我们对价值相似性效应及其潜在机制的理解。