皮脂腺及其在健康和疾病中的作用的最新综述第1部分：皮脂腺的胚胎学，进化，结构和功能,Dermatologic Therapy

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皮脂腺及其在健康和疾病中的作用的最新综述第1部分：皮脂腺的胚胎学，进化，结构和功能
Dermatologic Therapy ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-22 , DOI: 10.1111/dth.14695
Gelan Shamloul ₁ , Amor Khachemoune ₂

Affiliation

皮脂腺是毛囊皮脂腺分泌皮脂的成分。皮脂腺的胚胎发育遵循毛囊和表皮组织的发育，从胎儿发育的第13周到16周开始。新的皮脂腺通常在出生后就不会发育，但是其大小会随着年龄的增长而增加。皮脂细胞表达多种激素受体，并受到雄激素的强烈调节以分泌皮脂。直到大约17岁，出生时和青春期的皮脂排泄量都会大量增加。成年后，绝经后妇女和60-70岁的男性皮脂分泌保持稳定，并降至零。除皮脂的产生和释放外，皮脂腺还具有润滑皮肤和头发，提供体温调节和显示抗菌活性的功能。研究表明皮脂腺具有转录雄激素代谢必需基因的细胞能力。皮脂腺功能障碍主要见于单纯性和多发性脂肪囊瘤，皮脂腺增生，皮脂腺瘤，皮脂腺瘤，皮脂腺癌，皮脂腺痣和毛囊皮脂腺囊性错构瘤。皮脂腺继发于寻常痤疮，脂溢性皮炎和雄激素性脱发。

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An updated review of the sebaceous gland and its role in health and diseases Part 1: Embryology, evolution, structure, and function of sebaceous glands

Sebaceous glands are sebum‐secreting components of pilosebaceous units. The embryological development of the sebaceous gland follows that of the hair follicle and epidermal tissue, beginning between weeks 13 and 16 of fetal development. New sebaceous glands do not normally develop following birth, but their size increases with age. Sebocytes express a multitude of hormone receptors and are heavily regulated to secrete sebum by androgens. There is a large increase of sebum excretion at birth and again at puberty, until approximately age 17. In adulthood, sebum production remains stable and declines to zero in postmenopausal women and in men aged 60‐70. Besides the production and release of sebum, sebaceous glands function to lubricate the skin and hair, provide thermoregulation, and exhibit antimicrobial activity. Research has shown sebaceous glands to possess the cellular capability to transcribe genes necessary for androgen metabolism. Dysfunction of the sebaceous gland can be seen primarily in steatocystoma simplex and multiplex, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, sebaceoma, sebaceous adenoma, sebaceous carcinoma, nevus sebaceus, and folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma. Sebaceous glands are secondarily involved in acne vulgaris, seborrheic dermatitis, and androgenic alopecia.

更新日期：2021-02-11

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