The modern American administrative state is a regime of lawmaking by ad hoc managed democracy. It is the product of modern affluence and technology—which have reduced political transactions costs, increased demands for government intervention, and enabled Congress to supply the increased demands by transferring lawmaking to executive agencies. Specialized, hierarchical agencies can employ communication and information technology much more thoroughly than a conflict-riven legislature, and thereby generate law on a much larger scale. Today’s administrative state departs from traditional rule-of-law values in important respects; understanding its roots in affluence and technology points to both constraints and opportunities for legal reformers. 1. I NTRODUCTION

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可以驯服行政国家吗？

现代美国行政国家是由临时管理的民主制立法的制度。它是现代富裕和技术的产物，它降低了政治交易成本，增加了对政府干预的需求，并使国会能够通过将立法移交给执行机构来满足日益增长的需求。专门的等级制机构可以比冲突立法机构更充分地利用通信和信息技术，从而产生更大规模的法律。今天的行政国家在重要方面与传统的法治价值观背道而驰。理解其起源于富裕和技术，就为法律改革者带来了限制和机遇。1.引言