We provide empirical evidence for Tullock's claim (Tullock (1967, 1981)) that many of the problems known from social choice literature do not show up in practice. In particular, even though theoretically the use of different voting rules can lead to very different outcomes, there appears to be rather high consensus among voting rules when applied to real-world preference data. In addition, the famous and widely studied problem of majority cycles seems to be of little significance in practice. In this study, based on data collected in an online-survey in connection with the 2015 parliament election in the Austrian federal state of Styria, we confirm these findings to a high degree. Our analysis is based on an approach using a nonparametric bootstrap and includes various forms of evaluative voting (which has recently received increasing attention).

我们为Tullock的主张提供了经验证据（Tullock（1967，1981）），即社会选择文献中已知的许多问题在实践中并未出现。尤其是，即使从理论上说，使用不同的投票规则可能会导致非常不同的结果，但当将投票规则应用于现实世界的偏好数据时，似乎存在很高的共识。另外，在实践中，著名且广泛研究的多数循环问题似乎意义不大。在本研究中，基于与2015年奥地利联邦施蒂里亚州议会选举有关的在线调查收集的数据，我们在很大程度上确认了这些发现。