The development of lithium/sulfur batteries has been hindered by notorious shuttling effect and sluggish electrochemical conversion kinetics owing to high barrier of lithium ion transport behaviors. In this work, anionic oxygen vacancies in niobium oxide nanoparticle is fabricated on a high-conductive hierarchical porous nanocarbon as a sulfur anchor and lithium ion accelerator. As evidenced by optical coloration and electrochemical measurement, the oxygen-deficient electrocatalyst shows much stronger interaction ability to polysulfides and endows superior catalytic ability of propelling ion kinetics and facilitating the precipitation of Li₂S. Theoretical simulations have also revealed that Nb-S bonds are formed when polysulfides interacts with AOV-Nb₂O_5-x catalyst. Consequently, the as-prepared sulfur cathode exhibits a high initial capacity of 1489 mA h g^-1, corresponding to the theoretical utilization of 89%, and a long life for 600 cycles at 1 C. Enhancing rate to 5 C, a rate capacity of 899 mA h g^-1 is obtained, demonstrating rapid conversion kinetics. Impressively, even increasing the areal loading to 4.2 mg cm^-2 with the lean electrolyte, the pouch cell can still exhibit the initial areal capacity of 3.54 mA h cm^-2 at 0.343 mA cm^-2 and stabilize for several tens of cycles, providing the promise for fast-charge batteries.

锂/硫电池的发展受到了臭名昭著的穿梭效应和低效率的电化学转化动力学的阻碍，这归因于锂离子传输行为的高度障碍。在这项工作中，氧化铌纳米粒子中的阴离子氧空位是在作为硫锚和锂离子促进剂的高导电分层多孔纳米碳上制备的。如光学显色和电化学测量所证明的，缺氧电催化剂显示出与多硫化物的更强的相互作用能力，并具有推动离子动力学和促进Li ₂ S沉淀的优异催化能力。多硫化物与AOV-Nb ₂ O _{5- x}相互作用时形成催化剂。因此，所制备的硫阴极显示出1489 mA hg ^-1的高初始容量，对应于89％的理论利用率，并且在1 C下具有600个循环的长寿命。提高速率至5 C，额定容量为获得了899 mA hg ^-1，证明了快速的转化动力学。令人印象深刻的是，即使使用稀薄的电解质将面积负荷增加至4.2 mg cm ^-2，袋式电池在0.343 mA cm ^-2时仍可显示3.54 mA h cm ^-2的初始面积容量，并稳定数十个循环，从而提供快速充电电池的承诺。