There is longstanding interest in the generalizability of personality across diverse cultures. To investigate the generalizability of personality concepts, we examined the English translations of individual‐difference entries from the dictionaries of 12 small‐scale societies previously studied for ubiquity of individual differences plus the dictionary of an additional society not previously studied in this manner. These 13 societies are highly diverse in geographical location, culture, and language family; their languages developed in isolation from modern‐world languages. The goal of our exploratory research was to discover ubiquitous personality concepts in these 13 independent societies and their languages, providing a window into personality concepts across a broad range of cultures and languages. This study used clusters of empirically related terms (e.g. brave, courageous, and daring), based on a taxonomy of English‐language personality concepts that consisted of 100 personality‐trait clusters. English‐language definitions of dictionary entries from the 13 languages were matched to the meanings of the synonym clusters. The cluster–classification method uncovered nine ubiquitous personality concepts, plus six that were present in at least 12 of the 13 languages. The nine ubiquitous personality concepts include some not previously identified and suggest a core of possibly universal concepts. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology

中文翻译：

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13种多样且孤立的语言中普遍存在的人格特质概念：聚类分类方法

人们对跨文化的人格普遍化有着长期的兴趣。为了研究人格概念的普遍性，我们从先前研究过的普遍存在的个体差异的12个小规模社会的词典中，研究了个体差异条目的英语翻译，以及以前没有以这种方式研究过的其他社会的词典。这13个社会的地理位置，文化和语言家庭差异很大。他们的语言是与现代语言隔离发展的。我们探索性研究的目的是在这13个独立的社会及其语言中发现普遍存在的人格概念，从而为了解广泛文化和语言中的人格概念提供一个窗口。本研究基于由100个人格特征簇组成的英语人格概念分类法，使用了与经验相关的术语簇（例如勇敢，勇敢和大胆）。来自13种语言的词典条目的英语定义与同义词簇的含义匹配。聚类分类法发现了9种普遍存在的人格概念，另外13种语言中至少有12种存在6种。九种普遍存在的人格概念包括一些以前未曾发现过的人格概念，并暗示了可能普遍性概念的核心。©2020欧洲人格心理学协会 来自13种语言的词典条目的英语定义与同义词簇的含义匹配。聚类分类法发现了9种普遍存在的人格概念，另外13种语言中至少有12种存在6种。九种普遍存在的人格概念包括一些以前未曾发现过的人格概念，并暗示了可能普遍性概念的核心。©2020欧洲人格心理学协会 来自13种语言的词典条目的英语定义与同义词簇的含义匹配。聚类分类法发现了9种普遍存在的人格概念，另外13种语言中至少有12种存在6种。九种普遍存在的人格概念包括一些以前未曾发现过的人格概念，并暗示了可能普遍性概念的核心。©2020欧洲人格心理学协会