吸入的毛细血管网络模型,Physical Review Research

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吸入的毛细血管网络模型
Physical Review Research ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-16 , DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.2.043382
Jean-François Louf , Felix Kratz , Sujit S. Datta

看似简单的吸入过程取决于胸腔中肌肉收缩，单个肺分支中弹力-毛细血管相互作用，不同相连分支之间的空气传播以及进入肺的总气流之间的复杂相互作用。这些过程发生的时间长度和时间差异很大。因此，将它们与肺的生物力学特性联系起来并量化它们如何共同控制吸入的时空特征仍然是一个挑战。我们通过开发肺的计算模型来解决这一挑战，该模型是将连接有液体衬里的柔性圆柱体连接到粘弹性的胸腔的分层分支网络。每个分支的打开速度和压力取决于输入的生物力学参数，使我们能够测试肺组织机械特性和分泌物变化对吸入动力学的影响。通过汇总所有分支的动态，我们可以量化吸入过程中总体肺压和体积的演变，从而重现所测呼吸曲线的形状。使用此模型，我们演示了肺部肌肉收缩，粘液粘度和表面张力以及气道壁硬度的变化-许多呼吸系统疾病的特征，包括那些由COVID-19，囊性纤维化，慢性阻塞性肺疾病，哮喘和肺气肿—急剧改变吸入肺的容量和呼吸时间。因此，我们的工作

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Elastocapillary network model of inhalation

The seemingly simple process of inhalation relies on a complex interplay between muscular contraction in the thorax, elastocapillary interactions in individual lung branches, propagation of air between different connected branches, and overall air flow into the lungs. These processes occur over considerably different length and timescales; consequently, linking them to the biomechanical properties of the lungs, and quantifying how they together control the spatiotemporal features of inhalation, remains a challenge. We address this challenge by developing a computational model of the lungs as a hierarchical, branched network of connected liquid-lined flexible cylinders coupled to a viscoelastic thoracic cavity. Each branch opens at a rate and a pressure that is determined by input biomechanical parameters, enabling us to test the influence of changes in the mechanical properties of lung tissues and secretions on inhalation dynamics. By summing the dynamics of all the branches, we quantify the evolution of overall lung pressure and volume during inhalation, reproducing the shape of measured breathing curves. Using this model, we demonstrate how changes in lung muscle contraction, mucus viscosity, and surface tension, and airway wall stiffness—characteristic of many respiratory diseases, including those arising from COVID-19, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and emphysema—drastically alter inhaled lung capacity and breathing duration. Our work, therefore, helps to identify the key factors that control breathing dynamics and provides a way to quantify how disease-induced changes in these factors lead to respiratory distress.

更新日期：2020-12-16

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