A transdermal patch that combines microneedle array (MA) with iontophoresis can achieve synergistic and remarkable enhancement of drug delivery with precise electronic control. However, the development of an MA patch combined with iontophoresis that can enable in situ treatment, easy self-administration, and controllable delivery of liquid macromolecular drugs is still a challenge. Here, we presented an iontophoresis-driven porous MA patch (IDPMAP) for in situ, patient-friendly, and active delivery of charged macromolecular drugs. IDPMAP integrates porous MA with iontophoresis into a single transdermal patch, thus realizing the one-step drug administration strategy of “Penetration, Diffusion, and Iontophoresis.” Moreover, a matching portable iontophoresis-driven device was developed for drug self-administration of IDPMAP. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that IDPMAP had approximately 99% skin penetration rate, negligible cytotoxicity, and good biocompatibility without skin irritation and hypersensitivity. In vivo transdermal delivery of insulin in type 1 diabetic rats demonstrated that IDPMAP could effectively deliver insulin nanovesicles and produce a robust hypoglycemic effect on the rats (maintain normal blood glucose for approximately 5.4 h), with more advanced controllability and efficiency than that achieved by pristine MA or iontophoresis. IDPMAP and its portable iontophoresis-driven device are user-friendly and thus show a promising potential for drug self-administration at home.

将微针阵列（MA）与离子电渗疗法相结合的透皮贴剂可通过精确的电子控制实现协同显着的药物输送。然而，MA贴片结合离子电渗疗法的开发仍然可以挑战，该技术可以实现原位治疗，易于自我给药以及可控的液体大分子药物递送。在这里，我们介绍了一种离子电渗疗法驱动的多孔MA贴片（IDPMAP），用于原位，对患者友好且主动输送带电的大分子药物。IDPMAP将多孔MA与离子电渗疗法整合到单个透皮贴剂中，从而实现了“渗透，扩散和离子电渗疗法”的一步式给药策略。此外，开发了一种匹配的便携式离子电渗疗法驱动的设备，用于IDPMAP的药物自我管理。体外和体内研究表明，IDPMAP具有约99％的皮肤渗透率，可忽略的细胞毒性和良好的生物相容性，而没有皮肤刺激和超敏反应。在1型糖尿病大鼠中体内胰岛素的透皮递送证明IDPMAP可以有效地递送胰岛素纳米囊泡并对大鼠产生强大的降血糖作用（维持正常血糖约5.4 h），其可控性和效率比原始方法更高MA或离子电渗疗法。IDPMAP及其便携式离子电渗疗法驱动的设备对用户友好，因此显示了在家中药物自我管理的潜力。