Bacterial infection is a universal threat to public health, which not only causes many serious diseases but also exacerbates the condition of the patients of cancer, pandemic diseases, e.g., COVID-19, and so on. Antibiotic therapy has been used to be an effective way for common bacterial disinfection. However, due to the misuse and abuse of antibiotics, more and more antibiotic-resistant bacteria have emerged as fatal threats to human beings. At present, more than 700,000 patients die every year with bacterial infections because of the lack of effective treatment. It is frustrating that the pace of development of antibiotics lags far behind that of bacterial resistance, with an estimation of 10 million deaths per year from bacterial infections after 2050. Facing such a rigorous challenge, approaches for bacterial disinfection are urgently demanded. The recently developed near-infrared (NIR) light-irradiation-based bacterial disinfection is highly promising to shatter bacterial resistance by employing NIR light-responsive materials as mediums to generate antibacterial factors such as heat, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and so on. This treatment approach is proved to be a potent candidate to accurately realize spatiotemporal control, while effectively eradicating multidrug-resistant bacteria and inhibiting antibiotic resistance. Herein, we summarize the latest progress of NIR light-based bacterial disinfection. Ultimately, current challenges and perspectives in this field are discussed.

中文翻译：

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近红外光照亮细菌消毒：最近的进展和展望

细菌感染是对公众健康的普遍威胁，它不仅会导致许多严重的疾病，而且还会加剧癌症、流行病等疾病患者的病情，例如、COVID-19 等。抗生素治疗已成为常用细菌消毒的有效方法。然而，由于抗生素的误用和滥用，越来越多的耐抗生素细菌已成为对人类的致命威胁。目前，每年有超过 700,000 名患者因缺乏有效治疗而死于细菌感染。令人沮丧的是，抗生素的发展速度远远落后于细菌耐药性，预计 2050 年后每年将有 1000 万人死于细菌感染。面对如此严峻的挑战，迫切需要细菌消毒方法。最近开发的基于近红外 (NIR) 光辐照的细菌消毒非常有希望通过使用近红外光响应材料作为介质产生抗菌因子（如热、活性氧 (ROS) 等）来破坏细菌的耐药性. 这种治疗方法被证明是一种有效的候选方法，可以准确地实现时空控制，同时有效地根除多重耐药菌并抑制抗生素耐药性。在此，我们总结了基于近红外光的细菌消毒的最新进展。最后，讨论了该领域当前的挑战和前景。同时有效根除多重耐药菌，抑制抗生素耐药性。在此，我们总结了基于近红外光的细菌消毒的最新进展。最后，讨论了该领域当前的挑战和前景。同时有效根除多重耐药菌，抑制抗生素耐药性。在此，我们总结了基于近红外光的细菌消毒的最新进展。最后，讨论了该领域当前的挑战和前景。