从生态免疫学角度看斑马鱼（Danio rerio）的胸腺发育,Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A

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从生态免疫学角度看斑马鱼（Danio rerio）的胸腺发育
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-11 , DOI: 10.1002/jez.2435
Larissa Kernen ₁ , Jessica Rieder ₁ , Annette Duus ₂ , Henrik Holbech ₂ , Helmut Segner ₁ , Christyn Bailey ₃

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胸腺存在于所有的gnathostome脊椎动物中，并且是通过生成功能成熟的T细胞而成为适应性免疫系统的重要器官。在哺乳动物的整个生命周期中，胸腺都会发生形态和功能上的变化，包括与年龄有关的退化，这种退化在人的早期就已经开始。已提出生活史权衡是胸腺退化的可能原因。在硬骨鱼中，只有很少的研究调查了不同生命阶段胸腺的结构和功能的变化，导致数据库碎片化。在这里，我们调查了斑马鱼（Danio rerio）从生命的早期开始，一直到青春期和生殖阶段，直至1岁。我们通过组织学和形态计量学分析以及胸腺细胞数量评估了胸腺的生长。通过测量胸腺细胞标记基因ikaros，tcrα和tcrδ的转录本来评估胸腺功能。此外，我们分析了性腺成熟度和尾巴匀浆卵黄蛋白原浓度，以使胸腺状态与生殖系统状态保持一致。我们的结果表明，与人的胸腺相反，斑马鱼的胸腺在生命的早期和青春期生长旺盛，但是当鱼达到生殖年龄时开始退化。退化的特征是胸腺面积和胸腺细胞数量减少，组织结构改变，胸腺细胞标记基因转录水平降低。我们的发现表明，斑马鱼胸腺确实存在与年龄相关的变化，并且可以在资源权衡方面得到部分解释，但在硬骨鱼中功能适应性免疫系统的个体发育较晚的发展方面也可以得到部分解释。

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Thymus development in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) from an ecoimmunology perspective

The thymus is present in all gnathostome vertebrates and is an essential organ for the adaptive immune system via the generation of functional mature T‐cells. Over the life span of mammals, the thymus undergoes morphological and functional alterations, including an age‐related involution, which in humans starts in early life. Life history tradeoffs have been suggested as possible reasons for thymus involution. While in teleost fish, only a few studies have investigated alterations of thymus structure and function over different life stages, resulting in a fragmented database. Here, we investigated the thymus growth of zebrafish (Danio rerio) from early life, throughout puberty and reproductive stage, up to 1‐year‐old. We assessed thymus growth by histological and morphometric analyses and thymocyte numbers. Thymus function was assessed by measuring the transcripts of the thymocyte marker genes, ikaros, tcrα, and tcrδ. Additionally, we analyzed gonad maturity and tail homogenate vitellogenin concentrations to align thymus status with the status of the reproductive system. Our results showed that the zebrafish thymus, in contrast to the human thymus, grew strongly during early life and puberty but started to undergo involution when the fish reached the reproductive age. The involution was characterized by reduced thymus area and thymocyte number, altered histoarchitecture, and decreasing thymocyte marker gene transcript levels. Our findings suggest that age‐related changes of the zebrafish thymus do exist and could be partly explained in terms of resource tradeoffs, but also in terms of the ontogenetically late development of a functional adaptive immune system in teleosts.

更新日期：2021-01-16

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