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Exploring rhetoric of public diplomacy in the mixed-motive situation: Using the case of President Obama's ‘nuclear-free world’ speech in Prague
Place Branding and Public Diplomacy ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2010-12-10 , DOI: 10.1057/pb.2010.31
Juyan Zhang

Within the theoretical framework of the mixed-motive model of public relations, this case study of President Obama's speech in Prague, calling for ‘a world without nuclear weapons’, analyzes the dynamics of rhetoric of public diplomacy in the mixed-motive situation. The analysis shows that the speech presented a two-way symmetrical worldview. At the same time, it made asymmetrical advocacy by stressing the US leadership, continuing the containment theme and justifying the continued possession of the nuclear arsenals by the United States, corroborating the mixed-motive model's assumption of divided loyalty. To reduce the tensions caused by such mixed motives, the speech presented a constructivist worldview that emphasized on the power of ideas, morality, norms and the possibility of change. Its emphasis on the long-term nature of the cause echoed Grunig's (2001) argument that in the mixed-motive model asymmetrical tactics may be used within the win-win zone because such practices are bounded by a symmetrical worldview that ‘respects long-term relationships’. In the speech, President Obama mostly relied on ethos to make his call credible. Pathos is the second major rhetorical strategy by appealing to fear and shame. The least used appeal is logos. The varied weight of the appeals revealed potential rhetorical strategies in a mixed-motive situation. The findings of the research confirm Gilboa's (2008) argument that application of the constructivism approach to public diplomacy may produce fresh insights. This research contributes to the research in the Excellence Theory and public diplomacy.

中文翻译:

在混合动机的情况下探索公共外交的言论:以奥巴马总统在布拉格的“无核世界”演讲为例

在公共关系混合动力模型的理论框架内,本奥巴马总统在布拉格演讲中的案例研究呼吁建立一个“没有核武器的世界”,分析了混合动力情况下公共外交言论的动态。分析表明,演讲呈现了两种对称的世界观。同时,它通过强调美国的领导地位,继续遏制主题并为美国继续拥有核武库辩护,从而证实了混合动机模型对忠诚度的假设,从而提出了不对称的主张。为了减轻这种混合动机造成的紧张,演讲提出了一种建构主义的世界观,强调观念,道德,规范和变革可能性的力量。它强调原因的长期性质,呼应格鲁尼格(Grunig(2001)的论点,即在混合动机模型中,不对称策略可以在双赢区域内使用,因为这种做法受到对称的世界观的约束,即“尊重长期”。关系”。在演讲中,奥巴马总统主要依靠精神来使他的呼吁可信。悲情是吸引恐惧和耻辱的第二种主要修辞策略。最少使用的是徽标。上诉权重的变化揭示了在混合动机的情况下潜在的修辞策略。该研究的结果证实了吉尔伯(Gilboa,2008)的论点,即建构主义方法在公共外交中的应用可能会产生新的见解。该研究有助于卓越理论和公共外交方面的研究。s(2001)的论点是,在混合动机模型中,不对称策略可能在双赢区域内使用,因为这种做法受到“尊重长期关系”的对称世界观的限制。在演讲中,奥巴马总统主要依靠精神来使他的呼吁可信。悲情是吸引恐惧和耻辱的第二种主要修辞策略。最少使用的是徽标。上诉权重的变化揭示了混合动机下的潜在修辞策略。该研究的结果证实了吉尔伯(Gilboa,2008)的论点,即建构主义方法在公共外交中的应用可能会产生新的见解。这项研究有助于卓越理论和公共外交方面的研究。s(2001)的论点是,在混合动机模型中,不对称策略可能在双赢区域内使用,因为这种做法受到“尊重长期关系”的对称世界观的限制。在演讲中,奥巴马总统主要依靠精神来使他的呼吁可信。悲情是吸引恐惧和耻辱的第二种主要修辞策略。最少使用的吸引力是徽标。上诉权重的变化揭示了混合动机下的潜在修辞策略。该研究的结果证实了吉尔伯(Gilboa,2008)的论点,即建构主义方法在公共外交中的应用可能会产生新的见解。该研究有助于卓越理论和公共外交方面的研究。
更新日期:2010-12-10
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