Structural features, the crystal packing, and the proton conductivity of a series of hydrates and ammonium salts of 4-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid were studied. It was shown that infinite cation associates containing the onium moiety are responsible for a substantial increase in the proton conductivity. The nature of the disorder in a series of crystals was investigated by performing X-ray diffraction studies at different temperatures. A new type of structural synthons, viz., anion-anion dimers stabilized by the SO3−…NO2 interaction, was found and characterized and the role of solvent water molecules was elucidated based on high-resolution X-ray diffraction data. The water molecules serve mainly as channels for charge transfer from the cation to the anion with retention of the electroneutrality.

中文翻译：

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4-硝基苯磺酸的水合物和铵盐：超分子结构及其与质子传导性的关系

研究了4-硝基苯磺酸的一系列水合物和铵盐的结构特征、晶体堆积和质子传导率。结果表明，包含鎓部分的无限阳离子缔合物导致质子电导率的显着增加。通过在不同温度下进行 X 射线衍射研究，研究了一系列晶体中无序的性质。发现并表征了一种新型结构合成子，即通过 SO3-…NO2 相互作用稳定的阴离子-阴离子二聚体，并基于高分辨率 X 射线衍射数据阐明了溶剂水分子的作用。水分子主要用作电荷从阳离子转移到阴离子并保持电中性的通道。