用于生产氢和铵的需氧固氮细菌：现状和观点,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

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用于生产氢和铵的需氧固氮细菌：现状和观点
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-26 , DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10210-9
Brett M. Barney

生物固氮（BNF）是通过氧敏感酶固氮酶的作用完成的。此反应的一个独特警告是氢气（H ₂）进化是反应机理的要求。在没有氮气作为底物的情况下，固氮酶会减少可用的质子，从而成为有方向性的ATP依赖型氢化酶。需氧固氮微生物特别受关注，因为这些生物已经进化为在氧气包围的环境中与对氧敏感的酶进行这些反应。在有氧条件下维持功能性固氮酶的能力促进了这些生物在大多数厌氧固氮剂被排除的条件下的应用。近年来，与硝化酶衍生产品铵和H ₂的潜在收率有关的问题基于努力构建越来越复杂的好氧 固氮菌 株（如专性的厌氧厌氧杆菌葡萄兰氏菌）的努力，实验已变得更加平易近人。这份小型综述提供了有关近期和历史性努力的观点，以了解和量化可通过模型aerobe vinelandii 获得的铵和H ₂的收率，以及尚待解答的问题，这些问题有待完全解决，以充分利用植物中的固氮酶的潜力。这些应用与需氧菌模型一起使用。

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Aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria for hydrogen and ammonium production: current state and perspectives

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is accomplished through the action of the oxygen-sensitive enzyme nitrogenase. One unique caveat of this reaction is the inclusion of hydrogen gas (H₂) evolution as a requirement of the reaction mechanism. In the absence of nitrogen gas as a substrate, nitrogenase will reduce available protons to become a directional ATP-dependent hydrogenase. Aerobic nitrogen-fixing microbes are of particular interest, because these organisms have evolved to perform these reactions with oxygen-sensitive enzymes in an environment surrounded by oxygen. The ability to maintain a functioning nitrogenase in aerobic conditions facilitates the application of these organisms under conditions where most anaerobic nitrogen fixers are excluded. In recent years, questions related to the potential yields of the nitrogenase-derived products ammonium and H₂ have grown more approachable to experimentation based on efforts to construct increasingly more complicated strains of aerobic nitrogen fixers such as the obligate aerobe Azotobacter vinelandii . This mini-review provides perspectives of recent and historical efforts to understand and quantify the yields of ammonium and H₂ that can be obtained through the model aerobe A. vinelandii , and outstanding questions that remain to be answered to fully realize the potential of nitrogenase in these applications with model aerobic bacteria.

更新日期：2019-12-26

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