Childhood obesity and antibiotics abuse have become global health problems. It is necessary to explore the correlation between application of antibiotics for children under 3 and the risk of overweight and obesity in children. In the present study, young children aged 3 (36-38 months) were investigated using a face-to-face questionnaire survey. These children were admitted to Dongying City Children's Hospital from December 2017 to May 2019, and the effective sample size was 4,258. According to the body mass index (BMI), young children were divided into two groups, including emaciation and normal group as well as overweight and obesity group. Univariate analysis was performed to identify the possible influencing factors between the two groups using chi-square test. A difference of P<0.05 indicated statistical significance of a certain factor between the two groups, which could be adopted as an influencing factor in Logistic regression analysis. In addition, odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were employed to quantify the correlation of antibiotic application with the risk of overweight and obesity. A total of 3,322 young children (78.0%) were included in the antibiotic group while the remaining 936 (22.0%) were enrolled in the non-antibiotic group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that antibiotic application increased the risk of overweight and obesity among the 3-year-old young children (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.03-2.01). In addition, application of antibiotics for five times or higher significantly increased the risk of overweight and obesity (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.07-2.80), and such risks were more significant in children who were administered antibiotics for the first time within 6 months of age (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.08-2.69). The application of antibiotics in infants and young children was thus revealed to increase the risk of overweight and obesity at the age of 3 in a frequency-dependent manner.

中文翻译：

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3岁之前使用抗生素会增加儿童超重和肥胖的风险。

儿童肥胖和滥用抗生素已成为全球健康问题。有必要探讨3岁以下儿童使用抗生素与儿童超重和肥胖风险之间的相关性。在本研究中，使用面对面问卷调查对3岁（36-38个月）的幼儿进行了调查。这些儿童于2017年12月至2019年5月入住东营市儿童医院，有效样本量为4,258人。根据体重指数（BMI），将幼儿分为消瘦和正常组，超重和肥胖组两类。使用卡方检验进行单因素分析，以确定两组之间的可能影响因素。P <0。05表示两组之间某个因素的统计显着性，可以在Logistic回归分析中将其用作影响因素。此外，使用比值比（OR）和相应的95％置信区间（CIs）来量化抗生素应用与超重和肥胖风险之间的相关性。抗生素组总共包括3,322名幼儿（78.0％），而非抗生素组则包括其余936名（22.0％）。Logistic回归分析显示，抗生素的使用增加了3岁幼儿超重和肥胖的风险（OR为1.44； 95％CI为1.03-2.01）。此外，使用五倍或以上的抗生素会显着增加超重和肥胖的风险（OR为1.73； 95％CI为1.07-2.80），在6个月以内首次服用抗生素的儿童中，这种风险更为显着（OR为1.71； 95％CI为1.08-2.69）。因此发现在婴幼儿中使用抗生素会以频率依赖性方式增加3岁时超重和肥胖的风险。