<br>人体病理性钙化的多种途径,Advanced Healthcare Materials

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人体病理性钙化的多种途径
Advanced Healthcare Materials ( IF 10.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-04 , DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001271
Netta Vidavsky ₁ , Jennie A M R Kunitake ₂ , Lara A Estroff _{2,

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Affiliation

人们普遍认为骨骼成分（例如骨骼和牙齿）的生物矿化是在严格的细胞调节下发生的，从而产生具有针对其指定功能而优化的分层结构和性能的矿物-有机复合材料。这种细胞调节包括促进所需部位的矿化以及抑制软组织和其他不需要的部位的矿化。相反，病理性矿化可能由于组织或代谢异常、疾病或某些生物材料的植入而发生，对健康具有潜在的有害影响。该进展报告部分基于系统内细胞控制的程度，定义了矿化途径组成部分，并确定了生理（例如骨重塑）和病理性钙化形成途径之间的共性（和差异）。这些概念在癌症（乳腺癌、甲状腺、卵巢和脑膜瘤）和心血管疾病中基于磷酸钙的病理矿化的代表性例子中进行了讨论。对病理矿化的深入机理理解需要利用最先进的材料科学成像和表征技术，不仅关注最终沉积物，还关注晶体成核、生长和聚集的早期阶段。这种机制的理解将进一步促进病理钙化在诊断和预后中的应用，并可能为疾病中有害矿化的预防性治疗提供见解。

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Multiple Pathways for Pathological Calcification in the Human Body

Biomineralization of skeletal components (e.g., bone and teeth) is generally accepted to occur under strict cellular regulation, leading to mineral–organic composites with hierarchical structures and properties optimized for their designated function. Such cellular regulation includes promoting mineralization at desired sites as well as inhibiting mineralization in soft tissues and other undesirable locations. In contrast, pathological mineralization, with potentially harmful health effects, can occur as a result of tissue or metabolic abnormalities, disease, or implantation of certain biomaterials. This progress report defines mineralization pathway components and identifies the commonalities (and differences) between physiological (e.g., bone remodeling) and pathological calcification formation pathways, based, in part, upon the extent of cellular control within the system. These concepts are discussed in representative examples of calcium phosphate‐based pathological mineralization in cancer (breast, thyroid, ovarian, and meningioma) and in cardiovascular disease. In‐depth mechanistic understanding of pathological mineralization requires utilizing state‐of‐the‐art materials science imaging and characterization techniques, focusing not only on the final deposits, but also on the earlier stages of crystal nucleation, growth, and aggregation. Such mechanistic understanding will further enable the use of pathological calcifications in diagnosis and prognosis, as well as possibly provide insights into preventative treatments for detrimental mineralization in disease.

更新日期：2020-12-04

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