Cotton gin trash (CGT), the waste generated from cotton ginning is a low-cost and abundant source of lignocellulosic material. Effective valorisation of CGT is beneficial from both economical and environmental perspectives. Earlier investigations and reviews on CGT were mostly based on the ethanol and bioenergy production, and soil amendment properties of CGT. However, due to the low yield in ethanol preparation, the low heating value of CGT in energy production and reported critical issues in soil amendment, CGT yet remains as an underutilised material. However, the increasing number of studies in material science domain showed encouraging prospects of CGT. This includes using CGT as a composite filler, preparing transparent plastic by combining with polymer, adsorbing dye from wastewater, and extracting micro and nanocrystalline cellulose for a potential application. Nevertheless, currently, there is no review available dedicated to the material fabrication viewpoint of CGT. Therefore, this review addresses the current studies of CGT on material production, along with CGT structure and composition. This study also discusses the rationale of using CGT as a sustainable resource in the cleaner production of materials and explores the opportunities for future research.

中文翻译：

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轧棉机垃圾综述：材料制造的可持续商品


轧棉机垃圾 （CGT） 是轧棉产生的废物，是一种低成本且丰富的木质纤维素材料来源。从经济和环境的角度来看，CGT 的有效价值化都是有益的。早期对 CGT 的研究和综述主要基于 CGT 的乙醇和生物能源生产以及土壤改良特性。然而，由于乙醇制备的产量低、CGT 在能源生产中的热值低以及据报道的土壤改良剂中的关键问题，CGT 仍然是一种未充分利用的材料。然而，材料科学领域越来越多的研究显示出 CGT 令人鼓舞的前景。这包括使用 CGT 作为复合填料，通过与聚合物结合制备透明塑料，从废水中吸附染料，以及提取微晶和纳米晶纤维素以用于潜在应用。然而，目前还没有专门针对 CGT 材料制造观点的评论。因此，本文讨论了当前 CGT 对材料生产以及 CGT 结构和组成的研究。本研究还讨论了使用 CGT 作为材料清洁生产可持续资源的基本原理，并探讨了未来研究的机会。