Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease normally caused by interrupted blood supply to the brain. Ischemia would initiate the cascade reaction consisted of multiple biochemical events in the damaged areas of the brain, where the ischemic cascade eventually leads to cell death and brain infarction. Extensive researches focusing on different stages of the cascade reaction have been conducted with the aim of curing ischemic stroke. However, traditional treatment methods based on antithrombotic therapy and neuroprotective therapy are greatly limited for their poor safety and treatment efficacy. Nanomedicine provides new possibilities for treating stroke as they could improve the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs in vivo, achieve effective drug accumulation at the target site, enhance the therapeutic effect and meanwhile reduce the side effect. In this review, we comprehensively describe the pathophysiology of stroke, traditional treatment strategies and emerging nanomedicines, summarize the barriers and methods for transporting nanomedicine to the lesions, and illustrate the latest progress of nanomedicine in treating ischemic stroke, with a view to providing a new feasible path for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.

缺血性中风通常由中断的血液供应到大脑造成了脑血管疾病。缺血会引发级联反应在大脑中，的受损区域由多个生化事件，其中缺血级联最终导致细胞死亡和脑梗塞。着眼于级联反应的不同阶段广泛的研究已经固化缺血性中风的目的进行的。然而，根据抗栓治疗和神经保护治疗传统治疗方法都大大限制了他们的恶劣的安全和疗效。纳米药物提供了新的可能性治疗中风，因为他们可以提高药物的药代动力学行为在体内，实现在靶部位有效药物蓄积，增强治疗效果，同时减少副作用。在这次审查中，我们全面地描述中风，传统的治疗策略和新兴的纳米医学的病理生理过程，总结了运输纳米到病变的障碍和方法，并说明治疗缺血性中风纳米的最新进展，以期提供一个新的对脑缺血的治疗中是可行的路径。