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The apple gene responsible for columnar tree shape reduces the abundance of biologically active gibberellin
The Plant Journal ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 , DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15084 Daichi Watanabe 1 , Ikuo Takahashi 1 , Naiyanate Jaroensanti-Tanaka 1 , Sho Miyazaki 1 , Kai Jiang 1 , Masaru Nakayasu 2 , Masato Wada 3 , Tadao Asami 1 , Masaharu Mizutani 2 , Kazuma Okada 3 , Masatoshi Nakajima 1
The Plant Journal ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 , DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15084 Daichi Watanabe 1 , Ikuo Takahashi 1 , Naiyanate Jaroensanti-Tanaka 1 , Sho Miyazaki 1 , Kai Jiang 1 , Masaru Nakayasu 2 , Masato Wada 3 , Tadao Asami 1 , Masaharu Mizutani 2 , Kazuma Okada 3 , Masatoshi Nakajima 1
Affiliation
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Ectopic expression of the apple 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase (DOX, 2ODD) gene, designated MdDOX‐Co, is thought to cause the columnar shape of apple trees. However, the mechanism underlying the formation of such a unique tree shape remains unclear. To solve this problem, we demonstrated that Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing MdDOX‐Co contained reduced levels of biologically active gibberellin (GA) compared with wild type. In summary: (i) with biochemical approaches, the gene product MdDOX‐Co was shown to metabolize active GA A4 (GA4) to GA58 (12‐OH‐GA4) in vitro. MdDOX‐Co also metabolized its precursors GA12 and GA9 to GA111 (12‐OH‐GA12) and GA70 (12‐OH‐GA9), respectively; (ii) Of the three 12‐OH‐GAs, GA58 was still active physiologically, but not GA70 or GA111; (iii) Arabidopsis MdDOX‐Co OE transformants converted exogenously applied deuterium‐labeled (d2)‐GA12 to d2‐GA111 but not to d2‐GA58, whereas transformants converted applied d2‐GA9 to d2‐GA58; (iv) GA111 is converted poorly to GA70 by GA 20‐oxidases in vitro when GA12 is efficiently metabolized to GA9; (v) no GA58 was detected endogenously in MdDOX‐Co OE transformants. Overall, we conclude that 12‐hydroxylation of GA12 by MdDOX‐Co prevents the biosynthesis of biologically active GAs in planta, resulting in columnar phenotypes.
中文翻译：
负责柱状树形的苹果基因降低了具有生物活性的赤霉素的丰度
苹果2-氧戊二酸酯依赖性双加氧酶（DOX，2ODD）基因的异位表达被称为MdDOX-Co，被认为会引起苹果树的柱状形状。但是，这种独特的树形形成的机理尚不清楚。为解决此问题，我们证明了与野生型相比，过表达MdDOX-Co的拟南芥包含降低的生物活性赤霉素（GA）水平。总结：（i）与生物化学方法，所述基因产物MdDOX钴显示出代谢活性GA甲4（GA 4）到GA 58（12-OH-GA 4）在体外。MdDOX‐Co还代谢了其前体GA 12GA 9至GA 111（12-OH-GA 12）和GA 70（12-OH-GA 9）；（ii）在三个12-OH-GA中，GA 58仍具有生理活性，但GA 70或GA 111没有活性；（ⅲ）拟南芥MdDOX钴OE转化转化外源施加的氘标记的（d 2）-GA 12到d 2 -GA 111，但不d 2 -GA 58，而转化体转化施加d 2 -GA 9到d 2 - GA 58; （iv）当GA 12有效地代谢为GA 9时，GA 111的氧化酶在体外很难将GA 111转化为GA 70；（v）在MdDOX-Co OE转化子中未内源检测到GA 58。总体而言，我们得出结论：MdDOX-Co对GA 12进行12-羟基化会阻止植物中生物活性GA的生物合成，从而导致柱状表型。
更新日期：2020-11-19
中文翻译：
负责柱状树形的苹果基因降低了具有生物活性的赤霉素的丰度
苹果2-氧戊二酸酯依赖性双加氧酶（DOX，2ODD）基因的异位表达被称为MdDOX-Co，被认为会引起苹果树的柱状形状。但是，这种独特的树形形成的机理尚不清楚。为解决此问题，我们证明了与野生型相比，过表达MdDOX-Co的拟南芥包含降低的生物活性赤霉素（GA）水平。总结：（i）与生物化学方法，所述基因产物MdDOX钴显示出代谢活性GA甲4（GA 4）到GA 58（12-OH-GA 4）在体外。MdDOX‐Co还代谢了其前体GA 12GA 9至GA 111（12-OH-GA 12）和GA 70（12-OH-GA 9）；（ii）在三个12-OH-GA中，GA 58仍具有生理活性，但GA 70或GA 111没有活性；（ⅲ）拟南芥MdDOX钴OE转化转化外源施加的氘标记的（d 2）-GA 12到d 2 -GA 111，但不d 2 -GA 58，而转化体转化施加d 2 -GA 9到d 2 - GA 58; （iv）当GA 12有效地代谢为GA 9时，GA 111的氧化酶在体外很难将GA 111转化为GA 70；（v）在MdDOX-Co OE转化子中未内源检测到GA 58。总体而言，我们得出结论：MdDOX-Co对GA 12进行12-羟基化会阻止植物中生物活性GA的生物合成，从而导致柱状表型。
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