As a widely used high-performance inorganic fiber material, preparation and application of ultrafine alumina fibers have attracted much attention in last decades. Therein, preparation of ultrafine alumina fibers via sol gel method has the characteristics of simple synthetic procedure, easy regulation of fiber components and well design of fiber structures, etc., which have been developed rapidly in recent years. In this paper, the research progress of ultrafine alumina fibers prepared via sol-gel method is comprehensive reviewed, which mainly focus on the aspects of fiber forming process and the fiber structure construction during sol-gel method. According to the different fiber formation processes during sol-gel method, the centrifugal spinning, electrospinning and electro-blown spinning for preparation of ultrafine alumina fiber are demonstrated respectively. The effects of different fiber forming process on the structure and properties of ultrafine alumina fiber are compared and analyzed. Particularly, the sol-gel ultrafine alumina fibers constructed with porous, hollow and other profiled structures are special described. Furthermore, the sol-gel ultrafine alumina fibers application in the environment protection, energy storage fields and refractory and thermal insulation fields are also summarized. Novel ultrafine alumina fiber based materials emerging in recent years, such as alumina based MOF and three-dimensional alumina aerogels have been concerned. Finally, the future development of sol-gel ultrafine alumina fiber is prospected, which provides some reference value for the further study of ultrafine alumina fiber.

作为广泛使用的高性能无机纤维材料，超细氧化铝纤维的制备和应用在最近几十年引起了人们的广泛关注。其中，溶胶凝胶法制备氧化铝超细纤维具有合成工艺简单，纤维成分易调节，纤维结构设计好等特点，近年来发展迅速。本文综述了溶胶-凝胶法制备超细氧化铝纤维的研究进展，重点研究了溶胶-凝胶法制备纤维的过程和纤维结构的研究。根据溶胶-凝胶法，离心纺丝，分别介绍了电纺和电吹纺制备超细氧化铝纤维的方法。比较分析了不同成纤工艺对超细氧化铝纤维结构和性能的影响。特别地，特别描述了具有多孔，中空和其他异型结构的溶胶-凝胶超细氧化铝纤维。此外，还概述了溶胶-凝胶超细氧化铝纤维在环境保护，储能领域以及耐火和隔热领域中的应用。近年来出现的新颖的基于超细氧化铝纤维的材料，例如基于氧化铝的MOF和三维氧化铝气凝胶。最后，展望了溶胶-凝胶超细氧化铝纤维的未来发展，