Schwann cell development: From neural crest to myelin sheath,WIREs Mechanisms of Disease

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Schwann cell development: From neural crest to myelin sheath
WIREs Mechanisms of Disease ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 , DOI: 10.1002/wdev.398
Anoohya N Muppirala _{1,

2} , Lauren E Limbach ₂ , Elisabeth F Bradford ₂ , Sarah C Petersen _{2,

3}

Affiliation

Vertebrate nervous system function requires glial cells, including myelinating glia that insulate axons and provide trophic support that allows for efficient signal propagation by neurons. In vertebrate peripheral nervous systems, neural crest-derived glial cells known as Schwann cells (SCs) generate myelin by encompassing and iteratively wrapping membrane around single axon segments. SC gliogenesis and neurogenesis are intimately linked and governed by a complex molecular environment that shapes their developmental trajectory. Changes in this external milieu drive developing SCs through a series of distinct morphological and transcriptional stages from the neural crest to a variety of glial derivatives, including the myelinating sublineage. Cues originate from the extracellular matrix, adjacent axons, and the developing SC basal lamina to trigger intracellular signaling cascades and gene expression changes that specify stages and transitions in SC development. Here, we integrate the findings from in vitro neuron–glia co-culture experiments with in vivo studies investigating SC development, particularly in zebrafish and mouse, to highlight critical factors that specify SC fate. Ultimately, we connect classic biochemical and mutant studies with modern genetic and visualization tools that have elucidated the dynamics of SC development.

中文翻译：

雪旺细胞发育：从神经嵴到髓鞘

脊椎动物的神经系统功能需要神经胶质细胞，包括隔离轴突并提供营养支持的髓鞘细胞，从而允许神经元进行有效的信号传播。在脊椎动物的周围神经系统中，称为雪旺细胞 (SCs) 的神经嵴衍生的神经胶质细胞通过围绕单个轴突段包围和迭代包裹膜来产生髓鞘。SC 胶质发生和神经发生密切相关，并由一个复杂的分子环境控制，该环境塑造了它们的发育轨迹。这种外部环境的变化通过一系列不同的形态和转录阶段推动 SCs 的发育，从神经嵴到各种神经胶质衍生物，包括髓鞘亚系。线索来源于细胞外基质、相邻的轴突、以及发育中的 SC 基底层，以触发细胞内信号级联和基因表达变化，这些变化指定了 SC 发育的阶段和过渡。在这里，我们整合了来自体外神经元-胶质细胞共培养实验与研究 SC 发育的体内研究，特别是在斑马鱼和小鼠中，以突出指定 SC 命运的关键因素。最终，我们将经典的生化和突变研究与阐明 SC 发展动态的现代遗传和可视化工具联系起来。

更新日期：2020-11-03

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