Abstract Bacterial cellulose nanowhisker (BCNW) was synthesized from Komagataeibacter xylinus (strain K2G30; UMCC 2756) using sulfuric acid hydrolysis and it was incorporated into the gelatin-polyvinyl alcohol (GL/PVA) blend film matrix. The effect of BCNW content (1–10 wt% of biopolymer) on the microstructural, mechanical, optical, and water barrier properties of bio-nanocomposites was studied. The transmission electron microscopy image showed that BCNW had a needle shape structure with an average length of 600 nm and an average width of 30 nm. The crystallinity index of BCNW was 94.7% using X-ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) illustrated good miscibility between GL/PVA blend film matrix and BCNW up to 7.5 wt%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode showed molecular interactions between functional groups of the GL/PVA blend film matrix and BCNW. The incorporation of BCNW up to 7.5% into the GL/PVA blend enhanced the water vapor transmission rate and water vapor permeability by about 22% and 14%, respectively, while tensile strength, elongation at break, and elastic modulus increased by about 21.5%, 41% and 19%, respectively (p 0.05) suggesting that the BCNW was dispersed uniformly at the nanoscale. All films were colorless (ΔE*

中文翻译：

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基于明胶/聚乙烯醇混合物的生物纳米复合薄膜的表征，用于食品包装应用，并用细菌纤维素纳米晶须增强

摘要 细菌纤维素纳米晶须 (BCNW) 是由木曲杆菌 (K2G30; UMCC 2756) 使用硫酸水解合成的，并将其掺入明胶-聚乙烯醇 (GL/PVA) 共混膜基质中。研究了 BCNW 含量（生物聚合物的 1-10 wt%）对生物纳米复合材料的微观结构、机械、光学和防水性能的影响。透射电子显微镜图像显示 BCNW 具有针状结构，平均长度为 600 nm，平均宽度为 30 nm。使用 X 射线衍射，BCNW 的结晶度指数为 94.7%。扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 显示 GL/PVA 共混膜基质和 BCNW 之间的良好混溶性高达 7.5%。衰减全反射模式下的傅里叶变换红外光谱显示 GL/PVA 共混膜基质的官能团与 BCNW 之间的分子相互作用。将高达 7.5% 的 BCNW 加入 GL/PVA 共混物后，水蒸气透过率和水蒸气渗透率分别提高了约 22% 和 14%，而拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和弹性模量增加了约 21.5%分别为 41% 和 19% (p = 0.05)，表明 BCNW 在纳米尺度上均匀分散。所有薄膜都是无色的（ΔE* 和弹性模量分别增加了约 21.5%、41% 和 19% (p = 0.05)，表明 BCNW 在纳米尺度上均匀分散。所有薄膜都是无色的（ΔE* 和弹性模量分别增加了约 21.5%、41% 和 19% (p = 0.05)，表明 BCNW 在纳米尺度上均匀分散。所有薄膜都是无色的（ΔE*