Characterization of ecdysteroid biosynthesis in the pond wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata,Insect Molecular Biology

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Characterization of ecdysteroid biosynthesis in the pond wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata
Insect Molecular Biology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1111/imb.12678
Z-M Yang ₁ , N Yu ₁ , S-J Wang ₁ , S K Korai ₁ , Z-W Liu ₁

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Ecdysteroids, as the key growth hormones, regulate moulting, metamorphosis and reproduction in arthropods. Ecdysteroid biosynthesis is catalysed by a series of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450s) encoded by Halloween genes, including spook (spo), phantom (phm), disembodied (dib), shadow (sad) and shade (shd). The ecdysteroid biosynthesis in insects is clear with 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) as the main ecdysteroid. However, the information on the major ecdysteroids in arachnids is limited. In this study, Halloween genes spo, dib, sad and shd, but not phm, were identified in the pond wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata. Phylogenetic analysis grouped arachnid and insect Halloween gene products into two CYP450 clades, the CYP2 clan (spo and phm) and the mitochondrial clan (dib, sad, and shd). In P. pseudoannulata, the temporal expression profile of the four Halloween genes in concurrence with spiderling moulting with steady increase in the course of the 2nd instar followed by a rapid dropdown once moulting was completed. Spatially, the four Halloween genes were highly expressed in spiderling abdomen and in the ovaries of female adults. In parallel, ponasterone A (PA), but not 20E, was detected by LC–MS/MS analysis in P. pseudoannulata, and it was demonstrated as a functional ecdysteroid in the spider by accelerating of moulting with PA addition. The present study revealed the different ecdysteroid biosynthesis pathways in spiders and insects.

中文翻译：

池塘狼蛛 Pardosa pseudoannulata 蜕皮甾体生物合成的表征

蜕皮激素作为关键的生长激素，调节节肢动物的蜕皮、变态和繁殖。蜕皮激素的生物合成由一系列由万圣节基因编码的细胞色素 P450 单加氧酶 (CYP450s) 催化，包括幽灵( spo )、幻影( phm )、无实体( dib )、阴影( sad ) 和阴影( shd )。昆虫的蜕皮甾类生物合成是明确的，以 20-羟基蜕皮激素 (20E) 为主要的蜕皮甾类。然而，关于蛛形纲动物中主要蜕皮激素的信息是有限的。在这项研究中，万圣节基因spo , dib，悲伤和SHD，但不PHM，在池塘狼蛛，被认定豹拟环。系统发育分析将蛛形纲动物和昆虫万圣节基因产物分为两个 CYP450 进化枝，CYP2 族（spo 和 phm）和线粒体族（dib、sad 和 shd）。在P.pseudoannulata 中，与蜘蛛蜕皮同时发生的四个万圣节基因的时间表达谱在第 2 龄期间稳定增加，然后在蜕皮完成后迅速下降。在空间上，四个万圣节基因在蜘蛛腹部和雌性成虫的卵巢中高度表达。同时，通过 LC-MS/MS 分析检测到 ponasterone A (PA)，而不是 20EP. pseudoannulata，通过加入 PA 加速蜕皮，它被证明是蜘蛛中的功能性蜕皮甾类。本研究揭示了蜘蛛和昆虫中不同的蜕皮甾类生物合成途径。

更新日期：2021-01-06

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