Abstract The development of meat substitutes could contribute to a more sustainable food production system. Although the consumption of meat substitutes in the Netherlands has grown over the last decades, meat consumption stayed roughly the same. This led to the question of whether meat substitutes fit in the same usage situations as meat products do. Perceived situational appropriateness of meat, meat substitutes and other meat alternatives in different usage situations was studied using an item-by-use appropriateness survey. Products were presented via photographs and for each combination of product and situation, the appropriateness was rated on a 7-point scale. Personal information included the consumption of meat and meat substitutes and Food Neophobia. An exploratory survey was conducted in 2004 and an online survey in 2019. Overall, meat products were perceived as more appropriate than their vegetarian equivalents (e.g. hamburger vs. vegetarian hamburger) in almost all situations. Meat alternatives (chickpeas, nuts) scored generally higher than meat substitutes on situational appropriateness. Age and gender affected appropriateness ratings: women and younger respondents gave higher ratings to meat substitutes and meat alternatives. Food Neophobia showed a small effect. Meat substitute consumption frequency was a predictor of overall appropriateness in 2019, where it was not in 2004. Results underpin that situational appropriateness and consumer characteristics should be taken into account in new product development of meat substitutes. Furthermore, meat alternatives like chickpeas and nuts could also contribute to the reduction of meat consumption.

中文翻译：

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荷兰消费者认为肉类产品、肉类替代品和肉类替代品的情境适宜性

摘要 肉类替代品的开发有助于建立更可持续的食品生产系统。尽管过去几十年荷兰肉类替代品的消费量有所增长，但肉类消费量大致保持不变。这导致了肉类替代品是否适合与肉类产品相同的使用情况的问题。使用逐项使用适当性调查研究了在不同使用情况下肉类、肉类替代品和其他肉类替代品的感知情况适当性。产品通过照片呈现，对于产品和情况的每种组合，以 7 分制对适当性进行评分。个人信息包括肉类和肉类替代品的消费以及食物恐惧症。2004 年进行了探索性调查，2019 年进行了在线调查。总体而言，在几乎所有情况下，肉类产品都被认为比它们的素食同类产品（例如汉堡包与素食汉堡包）更合适。肉类替代品（鹰嘴豆、坚果）在情境适宜性方面的得分普遍高于肉类替代品。年龄和性别影响适宜性评级：女性和年轻受访者对肉类替代品和肉类替代品的评价更高。食物恐惧症显示出小的影响。肉类替代品的消费频率是 2019 年整体适宜性的预测指标，而 2004 年则不然。结果表明，在肉类替代品的新产品开发中应考虑情境适宜性和消费者特征。此外，鹰嘴豆和坚果等肉类替代品也有助于减少肉类消费。