Etherification with high selectivity and yield has been one of the challenges for expanding the realm of glycerol transformations. In this work, a small glycerol triether molecule, 1,2,3-triethoxypropane (1,2,3-TEP, CAS 162614-45-1), was designed and synthesized through a two-step strategy using epichlorohydrin as the starting material with ethanol and bromoethane as etherification reagents. The overall yield (after rigorous distillation) was 43.9%, higher than those of methods previously published in the literature. Thermophysical properties for 1,2,3-TEP are herein reported for the first time. Densities and viscosities measured at 1 atm from 20 to 80 °C show that 1,2,3-TEP is a less dense and less viscous liquid than glycerol and the corresponding 1,3-diether intermediate, 1,3-diethoxypropan-2-ol (1,3-DEP, CAS #4043-59-8). CO₂ solubility in 1,2,3-TEP was investigated under pressures of 2–8 atm at 30, 45, 60, and 75 °C with respective K_H values of 46.2, 57.4, 69.4, and 81.7 atm, enabling reliable predictions on CO₂ solubility within this range of temperature and pressure conditions. Comparison of Henry’s law constants and vapor pressure between 1,2,3-TEP and diglyme from 0 to 75 °C has indicated its potential as an alternative CO₂ capture solvent to those used in the Selexol process. 1,2,3-TEP showed broad miscibility with common solvents except water. The dipole moment of the minimum energy structure in the gas phase is calculated to be 1.47 D, but this value increases to 2.5–2.7 D in common solvents. The data obtained in this work are meaningful in guiding the further synthesis of a series of glycerol triether derivatives and developing uses for 1,2,3-TEP and related compounds.

中文翻译：

---

1,2,3-三乙氧基丙烷的合成及性质：甘油衍生的绿色溶剂候选物

高选择性和高产率的醚化反应一直是扩大甘油转化领域的挑战之一。在这项工作中，设计了一个甘油三醚小分子1,2,3-三乙氧基丙烷（1,2,3-TEP，CAS 162614-45-1），并采用表氯醇为起始原料，通过两步策略进行了合成用乙醇和溴乙烷作为醚化试剂。（严格蒸馏后）总产率为43.9％，高于先前文献中公布的方法。1,2,3-TEP的热物理性质是本文首次报道。在20至80°C的1个大气压下测得的密度和粘度表明，1,2,3-TEP的密度和粘度低于甘油和相应的1,3-二醚中间体1,3-二乙氧基丙烷-2- ol（1,3-DEP，CAS＃4043-59-8）。一氧化碳在30、45、60和75°C下，在2-8 atm的压力下研究了₂在1,2,3-TEP中的溶解度，其K _H值分别为46.2、57.4、69.4和81.7 atm，从而能够可靠地预测在该温度和压力条件范围内，CO ₂溶解度。比较亨氏定律常数和1,2,3-TEP与二甘醇二甲醚在0至75°C之间的蒸气压，表明其有可能替代CO ₂捕获Selexol工艺中使用的溶剂。1,2,3-TEP与除水外的普通溶剂具有广泛的混溶性。气相中最小能量结构的偶极矩经计算为1.47 D，但在常规溶剂中，该值增加到2.5-2.7D。这项工作中获得的数据对于指导一系列甘油三醚衍生物的进一步合成以及开发1,2,3-TEP和相关化合物的用途具有重要意义。