Two polycyclic heteroarene derivatives, namely, V-1 and V-2, with a diphenanthro[9,10-b:9′,10′-d]thiophene (DPT) core tethered with two diphenylaminophenyl or diphenylamino groups were first synthesized and used as hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cell (PSC) fabrication. The novel HTMs exhibit appropriate energy-level alignment with the perovskite so as to ensure efficient hole transfer from the perovskite to HTMs. V-2 with the diphenylamino substituent on DPT exhibited impressive photovoltaic performance with a power conversion efficiency of 19.32%, which was higher than that of V-1 (18.60%) and the benchmark 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) (17.99%), presumably because of a better hole extraction, higher hole mobility, and excellent film-forming ability, which were supported by steady-state photoluminescence (PL), time-resolved PL, the hole mobility experiment, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy measurements. Meanwhile, V-2-based PSCs exhibited better long-term durability than that with V-1 and the state-of-the-art spiro-OMeTAD, which is ascribable to the excellent surface morphology and hydrophobicity of the film. This systematic study suggests that DPT-based molecules are good potential candidates as HTMs for achieving high-performance PSCs.

中文翻译：

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具有噻吩并[9,10- b：9'，10'- d ]噻吩核的噻吩类蝴蝶形多环芳烃，用于高效稳定的钙钛矿太阳能电池

首先合成并使用了带有双菲基[ 9,10- b：9'，10'-d]噻吩（DPT）核心和两个二苯基氨基苯基或二苯基氨基的两个多环杂芳烃衍生物V-1和V-2作为钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）制造中的空穴传输材料（HTM）。新型HTM与钙钛矿表现出适当的能级对齐，以确保从钙钛矿到HTM的有效空穴转移。在DPT上带有二苯氨基取代基的V-2表现出令人印象深刻的光伏性能，功率转换效率为19.32％，高于V-1（18.60％）和基准的2,2'，7,7'-tetrakis- （N，N-二-对甲氧基苯基胺）-9,9'-螺二芴（spiro-OMeTAD）（17.99％），大概是由于更好的空穴提取，更高的空穴迁移率和出色的成膜能力，这些都得到了稳定的支持态光致发光（PL），时间分辨PL，空穴迁移率实验，扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜测量。同时，基于V-2的PSC表现出比使用V-1和最先进的Spiro-OMeTAD更好的长期耐久性，这归因于薄膜的优异表面形态和疏水性。这项系统的研究表明，基于DPT的分子作为实现高性能PSC的HTM的潜在候选者。