Abstract

Nitro group-containing compounds are well known as effective anticancer drugs. The aim of the study is to synthesize a series of trinitroaniline derivatives to determine their potential antitumor activities on diverse cancer cell models, anti-apoptotic and anti-metastatic features on hepatoma cells. The anti-proliferative studies show that IC₅₀ values of N-phenyl-2,4,6-trinitroaniline, N-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)naphthalen-1-amine, N-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)naphthalen-2-amine, N-(3-nitrophenyl)-2,4,6-trinitroaniline were similar to IC₅₀ value of cisplatin in Hep3B cells. In fact, IC₅₀ value of N-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-2,4,6-trinitroaniline is better than cisplatin. In addition, all compounds could decrease the expression of the cell cycle checkpoint protein cyclin D1. To investigate the effect of compounds on the apoptotic pathway, mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were analyzed with qRT-PCR and Western blot. Annexin V staining assay, apoptotic mRNA and protein analysis indicate that N-isopropyl-2,4,6-trinitroaniline, N-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-3-amine, N-(3-nitrophenyl)-2,4,6-trinitroaniline, N-(4-nitrophenyl)-2,4,6-trinitroaniline induce intrinsic apoptosis by increasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression. In addition, colony formation and wound healing assays confirmed that these compounds also inhibit the metastatic activity of Hep3B cells. 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline derivatives, especially N-(3-nitrophenyl)-2,4,6-trinitroaniline might be used as candidate for the development of new antitumor drugs.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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2,4,6-三硝基苯胺衍生物作为强效抗肿瘤药的合成及生物学评价

摘要

含硝基基团的化合物是众所周知的有效抗癌药。该研究的目的是合成一系列三硝基苯胺衍生物，以确定其在多种癌细胞模型上的潜在抗肿瘤活性，在肝癌细胞上的抗凋亡和抗转移特性。抗增殖的研究表明，IC ₅₀的值ñ -苯基-2,4,6- trinitroaniline，ñ - （2,4,6-三硝基苯基）萘-1-胺，ñ - （2,4,6-三硝基苯萘-2-胺，N-（3-硝基苯基）-2,4,6-三硝基苯胺与Hep3B细胞中顺铂的IC ₅₀值相似。实际上，IC ₅₀的N值-（3,5-二氟苯基）-2,4,6-三硝基苯胺比顺铂更好。此外，所有化合物均可降低细胞周期检查点蛋白cyclin D1的表达。为了研究化合物对细胞凋亡途径的影响，采用qRT-PCR和Western blot分析了Bcl-2和Bax的mRNA和蛋白表达。膜联蛋白V染色测定法，细胞凋亡的mRNA和蛋白质的分析表明，ñ -异丙基-2,4,6- trinitroaniline，ñ - （2,4,6-三硝基苯基）-5-甲基异恶唑-3-胺，ñ - （3-硝基苯基）-2,4,6-三硝基苯胺，N-（4-硝基苯基）-2,4,6-三硝基苯胺通过增加Bax / Bcl-2表达比率诱导内在凋亡。另外，菌落形成和伤口愈合试验证实了这些化合物也抑制了Hep3B细胞的转移活性。2,4,6-三硝基苯胺衍生物，特别是N-（3-硝基苯基）-2,4,6-三硝基苯胺可能被用作开发新的抗肿瘤药物的候选药物。

图形摘要