更高的微生物碳利用效率和土壤固碳能力：生物炭与农作物秸秆的修正,Global Change Biology Bioenergy

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更高的微生物碳利用效率和土壤固碳能力：生物炭与农作物秸秆的修正
Global Change Biology Bioenergy ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-08 , DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12763
Zhiwei Liu _{1,

2} , Xiulan Wu _{1,

2} , Wei Liu _{1,

2} , Rongjun Bian _{1,

2} , Tida Ge ₃ , Wei Zhang ₄ , Jufeng Zheng _{1,

2} , Marios Drosos _{1,

2} , Xiaoyu Liu _{1,

2} , Xuhui Zhang _{1,

2} , Kun Cheng _{1,

2} , Lianqing Li _{1,

2} , Genxing Pan _{1,

2}

Affiliation

尽管生物炭改良过的土壤具有很高的土壤碳稳定性，但尚不清楚将作物残渣转化为生物炭以及随后的生物炭改良剂（BA）如何有利于微生物碳的使用和碳固存。在这项研究中，表层土壤样品是从旱地和稻田土壤中收集的，之前都用稻草和稻草衍生的生物炭进行了修正。将这些样品与¹³ C标记的玉米残留物（LMR）孵育140天，以比较实验室孵育下的碳矿化，代谢商（q CO ₂）和微生物碳利用效率（CUE）。¹³ C-磷脂脂肪酸（¹³C‐PLFA）用于追踪土壤微生物对底物碳的使用。与秸秆改良剂（SA）相比，BA在旱地和水稻土中分别使天然土壤有机碳（SOC）矿化率分别降低了19.7％–20.1％和9.2％–12.0％。同时，与来自旱地和稻田的秸秆改良土壤相比，新添加的LMR的总碳矿化度在生物炭改良土壤中分别降低了12.9％和11.1％。此外，与未修正的土壤相比，q CO ₂秸秆改良土壤的有机碳含量没有变化，但生物炭改良的旱地和水稻土的土壤有机碳含量分别下降了15.2％–18.6％和8.9％–12.5％。由于真菌在碳利用中的主导地位不断提高，生物炭改性土壤中的微生物CUE显着高于秸秆改良土壤。与SA相比，BA在旱地和水稻田中的CUE增加了23.0％，在水稻土中增加了21.2％。这项研究表明，从长远来看，BA可以胜过SA，从而增强了旱地和水稻土的生物固碳潜力。这可能主要归因于生物炭作为特殊底物的输入，以促进微生物群落的进化并增加碳底物的真菌利用，特别是对于SOC含量较低的土壤。

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Greater microbial carbon use efficiency and carbon sequestration in soils: Amendment of biochar versus crop straws

While high soil carbon stability had been well known for biochar‐amended soils, how conversion of crop residues into biochar and subsequent biochar amendment (BA) would favor microbial carbon use and carbon sequestration had not been clearly understood. In this study, topsoil samples were collected from an upland soil and a paddy soil, both previously amended with straw and straw‐derived biochar. These samples were incubated with ¹³C‐labeled maize residue (LMR) for 140 days to compare carbon mineralization, metabolic quotient (qCO₂), and microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) under laboratory incubation. ¹³C‐phospholipid fatty acid (¹³C‐PLFA) was used to trace the use of substrate carbon by soil microorganisms. Comparing to straw amendment (SA), BA significantly decreased the native soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization rates by 19.7%–20.1% and 9.2%–12.0% in the upland and paddy soils, respectively. Meanwhile, total carbon mineralization from the newly added LMR was significantly decreased by 12.9% and 11.1% in the biochar‐amended soils, compared with the straw‐amended soils from the upland and paddy sites, respectively. Furthermore, compared to non‐amended soils, the qCO₂ value was unchanged in straw‐amended soils, but was notably decreased by 15.2%–18.6% and 8.9%–12.5% in biochar‐amended upland and paddy soils, respectively. Microbial CUE was significantly greater in biochar‐amended soils than in straw‐amended soils due to the increasing dominance of fungi in carbon utilization. Compared to SA, BA increased CUE by 23.0% in the upland soil and 21.2% in the paddy soil. This study suggests that BA could outperform SA in the long term to enhance the biological carbon sequestration potential of both upland and paddy soils. This could be due mainly to biochar input as a special substrate to promote microbial community evolution and increase the fungal utilization of carbon substrates, especially for the soil with lower SOC levels.

更新日期：2020-11-17

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