Argiope spp. 化学感应跗骨尖孔感受器的超微结构。Audouin，1826 年（螯肢：蛛形纲：蛛形纲）,Journal of Morphology

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Argiope spp. 化学感应跗骨尖孔感受器的超微结构。Audouin，1826 年（螯肢：蛛形纲：蛛形纲）
Journal of Morphology ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 , DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21276
Carsten H. G. Müller ₁ , Anne‐Sarah Ganske ₁ , Gabriele Uhl ₁

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虽然在脊椎动物和昆虫中对化学通讯进行了深入研究，但对蜘蛛的感官世界知之甚少，尽管化学线索在该群体的自然选择和性选择中起着关键作用。在昆虫中，嗅觉是用壁孔进行的，味觉是用尖端孔感受器进行的。由于蜘蛛仅具有尖端孔感觉器，因此尚不清楚它们如何完成嗅觉。我们仔细检查了织球蜘蛛 Argiope bruennichi 的毛状尖孔感受器的超微结构，这是一种常见的古北物种，已知其雄性会被雌性性信息素吸引。我们还研究了同类 Argiope blanda。我们检查了尖端孔感受器是否因性别及其在步行腿的跗骨上的位置而异，只有远侧部分与基质接触。我们假设尚未发现的超微结构差异表明味觉与嗅觉功能。两个物种的所有跗骨尖孔感受器都表现出接触化学感受器的典型特征，例如（a）在感受器轴的尖端存在一个孔，（b）2-22 个单纤毛的化学感受器，具有细长和不分枝的树突到达直到尖端孔，（c）两个集成的机械感受细胞，带有短树突和连接到感器轴基部的大管状体，以及（d）具有悬浮纤维的插座结构，使感器轴具有柔性。新发现的第三个机械感受细胞通过一个小的管状体附着在树突轴圆柱体的近端，在以前的研究中可能被忽视了。跗骨尖孔感受器的组织不因跗骨上的位置或性别而异。由于没有检测到壁孔感受器，我们讨论了一种单一类型的感受器在蜘蛛中同时进行味觉和嗅觉的可能性。

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Ultrastructure of chemosensory tarsal tip‐pore sensilla of Argiope spp. Audouin, 1826 (Chelicerata: Araneae: Araneidae)

While chemical communication has been investigated intensively in vertebrates and insects, relatively little is known about the sensory world of spiders despite the fact that chemical cues play a key role in natural and sexual selection in this group. In insects, olfaction is performed with wall–pore and gustation with tip‐pore sensilla. Since spiders possess tip‐pore sensilla only, it is unclear how they accomplish olfaction. We scrutinized the ultrastructure of the trichoid tip‐pore sensilla of the orb weaving spider Argiope bruennichi—a common Palearctic species the males of which are known to be attracted by female sex pheromone. We also investigated the congener Argiope blanda. We examined whether the tip‐pore sensilla differ in ultrastructure depending on sex and their position on the tarsi of walking legs of which only the distal parts are in contact with the substrate. We hypothesized as yet undetected differences in ultrastructure that suggest gustatory versus olfactory functions. All tarsal tip‐pore sensilla of both species exhibit characters typical of contact‐chemoreceptors, such as (a) the presence of a pore at the tip of the sensillum shaft, (b) 2–22 uniciliated chemoreceptive cells with elongated and unbranched dendrites reaching up to the tip‐pore, (c) two integrated mechanoreceptive cells with short dendrites and large tubular bodies attached to the sensillum shaft's base, and (d) a socket structure with suspension fibres that render the sensillum shaft flexible. The newly found third mechanoreceptive cell attached to the proximal end of the peridendritic shaft cylinder by a small tubular body was likely overlooked in previous studies. The organization of tarsal tip‐pore sensilla did not differ depending on the position on the tarsus nor between the sexes. As no wall‐pore sensilla were detected, we discuss the probability that a single type of sensillum performs both gustation and olfaction in spiders.

更新日期：2020-10-07

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