Purpose of Review

Assessment of the impact of ocean resolution in Earth System models on the mean state, variability, and future projections and discussion of prospects for improved parameterisations to represent the ocean mesoscale.

Recent Findings

The majority of centres participating in CMIP6 employ ocean components with resolutions of about 1 degree in their full Earth System models (eddy-parameterising models). In contrast, there are also models submitted to CMIP6 (both DECK and HighResMIP) that employ ocean components of approximately 1/4 degree and 1/10 degree (eddy-present and eddy-rich models). Evidence to date suggests that whether the ocean mesoscale is explicitly represented or parameterised affects not only the mean state of the ocean but also the climate variability and the future climate response, particularly in terms of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and the Southern Ocean. Recent developments in scale-aware parameterisations of the mesoscale are being developed and will be included in future Earth System models.

Summary

Although the choice of ocean resolution in Earth System models will always be limited by computational considerations, for the foreseeable future, this choice is likely to affect projections of climate variability and change as well as other aspects of the Earth System. Future Earth System models will be able to choose increased ocean resolution and/or improved parameterisation of processes to capture physical processes with greater fidelity.

中文翻译：

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地球系统模型中海洋中尺度的解析和参数化

审查目的

评估地球系统模型中海洋分辨率对平均状态、变异性和未来预测的影响，并讨论改进参数化以代表海洋中尺度的前景。

最近的发现

参与 CMIP6 的大多数中心在其完整地球系统模型（涡流参数化模型）中采用分辨率约为 1 度的海洋组件。相比之下，也有提交给 CMIP6 的模型（DECK 和 HighResMIP）采用大约 1/4 度和 1/10 度的海洋分量（存在涡流和富涡流模型）。迄今为止的证据表明，海洋中尺度是否被明确表示或参数化不仅影响海洋的平均状态，而且影响气候变化和未来的气候响应，特别是在大西洋经向翻转环流（AMOC）和南大洋方面。中尺度尺度感知参数化的最新进展正在开发中，并将包含在未来的地球系统模型中。

概括

尽管地球系统模型中海洋分辨率的选择始终受到计算考虑的限制，但在可预见的未来，这种选择可能会影响气候变率和变化以及地球系统其他方面的预测。未来的地球系统模型将能够选择提高海洋分辨率和/或改进过程参数化，以更高的保真度捕获物理过程。